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Last update: prof. MUDr. Miloslav Kršiak, DrSc. (03.10.2014)
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Last update: prof. MUDr. Miloslav Kršiak, DrSc. (03.10.2014)
Aims of the subject |
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Last update: prof. MUDr. Miloslav Kršiak, DrSc. (03.10.2014)
Literature |
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Last update: prof. MUDr. Miloslav Kršiak, DrSc. (03.10.2014)
Methods of teaching |
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Last update: prof. MUDr. Miloslav Kršiak, DrSc. (03.10.2014)
Topics (questions) for pharmacology examinations (Erasmus students)
Erasmus students who wish to be examined from General pharmacology only, should follow instructions given at Student Information System (SIS), subject General Pharmacology (CVSE3P0012).
Erasmus students who wish to be examined from the whole Pharmacology:
First they have to gain credit from General Pharmacology (CVSE3P0012). They should study the whole pharmacogy from recommended textbooks (given at SIS, e. g. Rang’s et al. Pharmacology) and if possible to attend pharmacology lectures/practicals/seminars in courses CVSE3P009-10, CVSE4P0022-28) run in the III. and IV. section of Cycle II.
It is recommended to set the term for oral examination from the whole pharmacology individually with the examiner (prof. Kršiak or prof. Bultas). At the oral examination from the whole pharmacology: Students select randomly one pharmacological topic and four drug names from a list given below. After 15-20 min for preparation students report (orally) on the selected topic and drugs, answer additional questions (ad hoc) and discuss pharmacology with the examiner. Students should first of all understand well mechanisms of actions of drugs in question and should have an excellent orientation in important drugs.
Students should acquire a good orientation in pharmacology, to understand general pharmacological principles and to appreciate the pharmacology of the main classes of drugs (mechanisms of actions). The knowledge of trade names [proprietary names] of drugs will not be required. On the other hand, ignorance of non-proprietary names of drugs of primary importance* can greatly contribute to the failure at the examination. Dosage is not required.
*(please note the names printed bold in the list of drug names given below)
1. Drugs - drug names, drug regulation, FDA, SPC 2. Routes of drug administration, first-pass effect 3. Absorption of drugs, bioavailability 4. Distribution of drugs, volume of distribution 5. Drug biotransformation, enzyme induction 6. Elimination of drugs, excretion of drugs, enterohepatic circulation 7. Pharmacokinetic variables: volume of distribution, clearance, half-life 8. Clinical relevance of pharmacokinetic variables: half-life, volume of distribution, clearance 9. Transfer of drugs across membranes 10. Major sites of action of drugs: receptors, enzymes, ion channels, transporters 11. Drug- receptor interactions: drug agonists, antagonists 12. Ligand-gated channels, G proteins, second messengers 13. Relation between drug dose & response, LD50, ED50, therapeutic index 14. Half-life and the time required to reach steady state after a repeated administration 15. Tolerance, tachyphylaxis 16. Drug interactions 17. Drug allergy, anaphylactic shock, bronchospasm, skin reactions 18. Teratogenic effects of drugs 19. Prescribing for the elderly, dosage in children 20. Adverse drug reactions, serious ADRs, reporting ADRs 21. Pre-clinical evaluation of new drugs 22. Clinical evaluation of new drugs 23. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Sources of drug information
1. Antihypertensive agents 2. Diuretics 3. Beta-adrenergic antagonists [beta-blockers] 4. Calcium channel blockers 5. ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II inhibitors 6. Centrally acting antihypertensive agents, alfa -adrenoceptor-blocking agents 7. Drugs used to treat angina pectoris 8. Nitrates 9. Vasodilatators 10. Positive inotropic drugs and sympathomimetic drugs used in the treatment of cardiovasculars disorders 11. Positive inotropic drugs 12. Antiarrhytmic drugs 13. Antihistamines 14. Ergot alkaloids 15. Polypeptides 16. Eicosanoids , prostaglandins 17. Drugs used in asthma 18. Bronchodilators 19. Expectorants 20. Antitussives 21. Anxiolytic agents 22. Benzodiazepines 23. Sedative-hypnotics 24. Ethanol 25. Antiepileptic drugs 26. General anesthetics 27. Local anesthetics 28. Skeletal muscle relaxants 29. Drugs for Parkinson's disease 30. Antipsychotic agents (neuroleptics) 31. Phenothiazines 32. Lithium 33. Antidepressant agents 34. Opioid analgesics & antagonists 35. Nonopioid analgesics 36. Antimigraine drugs 37. Drugs of abuse 38. Agents used in anemias 39. Anticoagulant drugs & their antagonists 40. Fibrinolytic drugs, antiplatelet drugs 41. Agents used in hyperlipidemia . Plasma substitutes, hemostatics. 42. Non-steroidal antiinflamatory drugs 43. Drugs used in gout 44. Hypothalamic & pituitary hormones 45. Thyroid & antithyroid drugs 46. Corticosteroids 47. Gonadal hormones & inhibitors 48. Contraceptives 49. Pancreatic hormones & antidiabetic drugs 50. Drugs affecting bone metabolism 51. Penicillins 52. Basic penicillins 53. Broad spectrum penicillins 54. Cephalosporins 55. Antibiotics against Staphylococcus 56. Tetracyclines 57. Aminoglycosides 58. Macrolides 59. Antimycobacterial drugs 60. Sulfonamides and trimethoprim 61. Antifungal agents 62. Chemotherapy of urinary tract infections 63. Treatment of trichomoniasis, Antimalarial agents 64. Antiviral agents 65. Antihelmintic drugs , ectoparasiticides 66. Cancer chemotherapy 67. Immunosuppressive and immunomodulating agents 68. Chelators 69. Drugs used in glaucoma therapy 70. Dermatologic agents 71. Drugs used in rhino- and laryngology 72. Drugs used in dermatology 73. Drugs used in the treatment for acne 74. Topical corticosteroids 75. Drugs used in gastrointestinal disease 76. Drugs used in acid-peptic disease 77. Antiemetics 78. Laxatives 79. Antidiarrheal agents 80. Spasmolytic agents and spasmoanalgesics 81. Vitamins 82. Disinfectants and antiseptics 83. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, fluor 84. Homeopathy 85. Drugs used in the obesity treatment 86. Uterotonics, tocolytic agents 87. Specific antidotes used in management of the poisoned patient
Drugs selected for examinations: (altogether 200 drugs: all [124] of primary importance + 76 additional drugs from the "List of some important and commonly used drugs")
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Last update: prof. MUDr. Miloslav Kršiak, DrSc. (03.10.2014)
Syllabus |
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Last update: prof. MUDr. Miloslav Kršiak, DrSc. (03.10.2014)
Requirements for the study of the subject |