Physical Principles of Dosage Forms - GAPS019

• Title: Physical Principles of Dosage Forms
• Guaranteed by: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (16-16210)
• Faculty: Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
• Actual: from 2023
• Semester: winter
• Points: 0
• E-Credits: 2
• Examination process: winter s.:written
• Hours per week, examination: winter s.:28/0, Ex [HS]
• Capacity: unknown / unknown (unknown)
• Min. number of students: unlimited
• 4EU+: no
• Virtual mobility / capacity: no
• State of the course: taught
• Language: English
• Teaching methods: full-time
• Teaching methods: full-time
• Is provided by: GAF308
• Note: deregister from the exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled; course can be enrolled in outside the study plan; enabled for web enrollment
• Guarantor: Dr. Georgios Paraskevopoulos, Ph.D.

Annotation

English

Last update: Dr. Georgios Paraskevopoulos, Ph.D. (24.09.2023)

Subject Physical Principles of Dosage Forms is taught in the third year of study and builds on Biophysics and Physical Chemistry. The aim of the subject is to provide comprehensive information on the basic physical principles used in formulation, function and stabilizing pharmaceutical forms. In particular, it describes the properties of solid phase (active compounds and Excipients), liquid phase and dispersion (molecular, colloidal and macrodispersion) and interfacial interfacacial phenomena that are related to the physical and chemical stability of pharmaceutical products. In the subject of the Physical Principles of Dosage Forms, students will also be acquainted with the basics of polymer chemistry necessary to understand the structure, properties and function of these substances in pharmaceutical formulations and modern drug delivery systems. The basic principles of pharmaceutical nanotechnologies will also be included. Considering that the physical properties of materials and physical processes at the interface significantly affect resulting quality of pharmaceutical formulations, understanding these principles is essential for further study of pharmaceutical technology and dosage forms. From this perspective, the Physical Principles of Dosage Forms can be viewed as an interdisciplinary subject with a linking function between fundamental subjects taught in the first section of study and highly specialized pharmaceutical technology. Topics: Solution properties, Solid phase, Solid phase properties, Solubility and dissolution, Diffusion, Interfacial phenomena in pharmaceutical Systems, Pharmaceutical surfactants, Pharmaceutical polymers, Polymer systems, Rheology, Dispersion systems and their stability,

Czech

Last update: Dr. Georgios Paraskevopoulos, Ph.D. (24.09.2023)

Předmět Fyzikální základy lékových forem je vyučován ve třetím úseku studia a volně navazuje na biofyziku a fyzikální chemii. Předmět si klade za úkol poskytnout ucelené informace o základních fyzikálních principech uplatňovaných při formulaci, funkci a stabilizaci lékových forem. Jedná se především o popis vlastností tuhé fáze (léčivé a pomocné látky), kapalné fáze a disperzí (molekulárních, koloidních a makrodisperzí) a dějů na mezifázovém rozhraní, které souvisejí s fyzikální i chemickou stabilitou farmaceutických přípravků. V rámci předmětu fyzikální základy lékových forem budou studenti seznámeni také se základy polymerní chemie nezbytnými pro pochopení struktury, vlastností a funkce těchto látek ve farmaceutických formulacích a moderních lékových systémech. Budou objasněny také základní principy farmaceutických nanotechnologií. S ohledem na to, že fyzikální vlastnosti vstupních surovin a fyzikální děje na mezifázovém rozhraní významně ovlivňují výslednou kvalitu farmaceutických formulací, je porozumění těmto principům nezbytné pro další studium farmaceutické technologie a lékových forem. Z tohoto pohledu lze fyzikální základy lékových forem chápat jako interdisciplinární předmět se spojovací funkcí mezi fundamentálními předměty vyučovanými v prvním úseku studia a vysoce specializovanou farmaceutickou technologii. Témata: Vlastnosti roztoků, Pevná fáze, Povrchové vlastnosti pevné fáze, Rozpustnost a rozpouštění, Difuze, Jevy na rozhraní fází ve farmaceutických soustavách, Farmaceutické tenzidy, Farmaceutické polymery, Polymerní soustavy, Reologie, Disperzní soustavy a jejich stabilita, Základy farmaceutické nanotechnologie

Course completion requirements

Last update: Dr. Georgios Paraskevopoulos, Ph.D. (24.09.2023)

written test

Literature

Last update: Dr. Georgios Paraskevopoulos, Ph.D. (29.09.2022)

Povinná:

• Sinko, Patrick J. (ed.). Martin's physical pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences : physical chemical and biopharmaceutical principles in the pharmaceutical sciences. Philadelphia: Lippicott Williams & Wilkins, 2011, 659 s. ISBN 978-1-60913-402-0.
• Attwood, D.. Physical pharmacy. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 2012, 218 s. ISBN 978-0-85711-064-0.

Syllabus

Last update: Dr. Georgios Paraskevopoulos, Ph.D. (24.09.2023)

Physical Principles of dosage forms

Teachers: Dr. Georgios Paraskevopoulos Ph.D., PharmDr. Eva Šnejdrová, Dr. Monika Smékalová, PhD

School year 2022/2023, 3rd year, lecutres: 2/0 =28/0, Exam, 2 credits

Lecture topics

1.       Introduction into Physical Pharmacy

Definitions

History

Physical principles affecting pharmaceutical preparations

Physical principles affecting bioavailability of drugs, bioavailability significance

Specific technological processes influencing bioavailability

Interactions between pharmaceutical preparations and organism

2.       Solid state

Properties of solid state

Crystallography, crystal properties, polymorphism, crystal hydrates, liquid crystals

State shifts

Real density

Solid state characterization methods (RTG diffraction, DSC, TGA)

3.       Surface properties of solid state

Specific surface

Porosity (porosimetry, permeametry, pycnometry)

Adsorption, factors influencing adsorption, adsorption based pharmaceutical systems

               Physical adsorption

               Chemical adsorption

Adsorption isotherms

Wettability of solid particles, contact angle

Solid particles interactions

4.       Solubility and dissolution

Solubility of solids (liquids, gasses)

Factors influencing solubility of solids

Thermodynamics of solids dissolution

Noyes - Whitney equation – dissolution kinetics and the effect on pharmaceutical systems efficiency

Solvent – solute interactions, solvatation – relevant examples

Liberation of drugs

5.       Solutions

Types of pharmaceutical solutions and relevant examples

Ideal vs. real solutions, practical applications of Raoult’s law

Isotonic solutions, isotonization

Colligative properties

Solubility product

Types of concentration

6.       Diffusion

Diffusion rate and influencing factors

Diffusion principles, Fick’s 1^st and 2^nd law and practical applications

Charged particles diffusion/ uncharged particles diffusion

Diffusion driving forces in pharmacy

Principles and applications of osmosis and ultrafiltration

Diffusion based pharmaceutical systems

Diffusion characteristics within biological systems

7.       Diffusion through polymeric membrane

Principles of diffusion through polymeric membrane

Pore diffusion, Fibrous membrane diffusion

Monolithic matrix diffusion

Multilayer membrane diffusion

Diffusion through polymeric barrier based preparations and relevant examples

Principles of controlled diffusion

Drugs permeation, permeability

8.       Application of interfacial phenomena in pharmaceutical systems

Relevant properties of interfacial phenomena on l/l, s/g, s/l

Concept and calculation of surface tension and surface free energy

Relationship between ability to act on interface and efficiency of pharmaceutical systems

Cohesion and adhesion of surfaces

Relevant examples of pharmaceutical systems based on interfacing

9.       Pharmaceutical surfactants

Surfactants’ structural predispositions

Structural types of pharmaceutical surfactants

Utilization of surfactants in pharmaceutical systems

HLB System

10.   Pharmaceutical polymers

Types of pharmaceutical polymers

Molecular weirght of pharmaceutical polymers

Structure and organization of polymers

Copolymers

Polymers’ physical states

Polymer crystallization

Biodegradability, biocompatibility

11.   Polymer systems

Polymeric solutions

Water soluble/water insoluble polymers

Polymer swelling

Polymeric gels

Stimuliresponsive polymers

Bioadhesive/ mucoadhesive polymers

12.   Disperse systems

Properties of disperse systems and their use in pharmacy

Factors influencing the stability of disperse systems

Electric properties of disperse systems: DLVO theory, zeta potential, Nernst potential, flocculation

13.   Basic principles of nanotechnology in pharmacy

Definition and principles involved

Phase separation

Coagulation

Coacervation

Dendrimers

Potential problems and obstacles of nanotechnology based pharmaceutical systems

 

Learning resources

Last update: Dr. Georgios Paraskevopoulos, Ph.D. (24.09.2023)

Material from lectures at the study material of faf.cuni.cz