Physics IV (Atomic Physics and Electronic Structure of Matter) - NOFY025
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Last update: T_KVOF (26.05.2003)
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Last update: T_KVOF (28.03.2008)
Atomic structure of matter, examples of structure of molecules and solids, relation of observations in real and reciprocal space, particle character and wave character of electrons and particles (atoms, molecules), atomic vibrations in many atom systems, electronic structure of atoms, electronic structure many atom systems, electrons in metals and semiconductors. |
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Last update: doc. RNDr. Stanislav Daniš, Ph.D. (14.06.2019)
C. Kittel: Úvod do fyziky pevných látek, Academia Praha 1985
D. Halliday, R. Resnick, J. Walker: Fyzika, část 5: Moderní fyzika, VUTIUM Brno 1997
V. Valvoda, M. Polcarová, P. Lukáč: Základy strukturní analýzy, UK Praha 1992
N. W. Ashcroft, N. D. Mermin: Solid State Physics, Saunders College, Philadelphia 1976 V. Kalous: Jak moderní chemie zkoumá strukturu molekul, SNTL Praha 1983
I. Úlehla, M. Suk, Z. Trka: Atomy, jádra, částice, Academia Praha 1990
A. I. Anselm: Úvod do teorie polovodičů, Academia Praha 1976 |
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Last update: T_KVOF (28.03.2008)
přednáška + cvičení |
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Last update: doc. RNDr. Stanislav Daniš, Ph.D. (14.06.2019)
Evolution of the atomic theory, indirect evidence from chemistry and crystallography; diffraction and microscopic methods, STM. Observation of atoms, molecules, surfaces and volume of matter, x-ray diffraction, relation of observations in real and reciprocal space. Particle and wave character of electrons and atoms. Electron as a particle, its observation, the applications of an electron beam; wave properties of electrons, de Broglie waves, dualism of the particle and wave character, electron diffraction; wave properties of large particles; description of particles by the wave function, canonical interpretation of a quantum experiment. Structure of molecules and solids. The structure and the symmetry of small molecules, its observation in gases, solutions and crystals; geometry and topology of solids (the symmetry of ideal crystals, superstructures, incommensurate structures, quasi-crystals, amorphous materials, glasses), real crystals, defects in crystals; relation between crystals and technical materials. Dynamics of nuclei in many-atom systems. quantum description of many-atom systems; adiabatic approximation - separation of the motion of the electrons and the nuclei, vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom of the molecules, symmetry, IR spectroscopy of molecules and extended systems, lattice vibrations in crystals, phonons and their observation by neutron scattering, the Einstein and Debye specific heat theories. The electronic structure of atoms. Nucleus and electrons; Rutherford scattering, one-electron approximation, effective Schrodinger equation for electrons, quantum description of energy and momentum, spin and Pauli principle; walk through the periodic system and its interpretation, atomic spectroscopy (the absorption and emission spectroscopy as a fingerprinting, an analogy of the absorption with the classical oscillator, with quantum dipole transition and an intuitive formulation of the Golden Rule; spectra of hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms). Electronic structure of many atom systems. One-electron approximation - molecular orbital; basis of first principles; semi-empirical methods, two-atomic molecules by the LCAO method compared to data from spectroscopy and thermal analysis, experimental study of the electronic structure of molecules, especially by resonance methods, interpretation of the main types of the chemical bonds. Electrons in metals and semiconductors. Free electron approximation; the Fermi Sea of electrons, the Fermi-Dirac distribution, heat capacity of metals; band structures in metallic materials and their studies by x-ray and fotoemission spectroscopy, metals and non-metals; normal and transition metals - Fermi surface; valence, conduction and forbidden bands, electrons and holes, the effective mass.
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