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Last update: T_KTI (19.05.2004)
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Last update: T_KTI (23.05.2008)
Naučit základy logiky a teorie množin |
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Last update: RNDr. Pavel Zakouřil, Ph.D. (05.08.2002)
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Last update: T_KTI (19.05.2004)
Propositional calculus: propositional variables, logical connectives, truth tables, propositional formulae, truth value of a formula with a given evaluation, inference techniques (modus ponens, deduction, proof by contradiction, etc.) Duality (also de Morgan's rules), Disjunctive and Conjunctive normal forms.
First-Order Logic: language of 1st order logic, terms, formulae. 1st order mathematical structures, examples. Formulae true for a structure. Bound and free variable occurrences, the extent of a quantifier, open and closed formulae, term substitution. Inference techniques for formulae with quantifiers. Prenex normal form.
Axiomatic approach to mathematics, classical and modern approaches. Brief note on consistence, independence, and completeness in various axiomatic systems.
Set Theory and its importance for mathematics. Intuitive description of the universum of sets as used in today's mathematics. Definable classes. Russel's paradox.
Boolean calculus and other calculative properties of set operations and relations.
Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms.
Equipollent sets, cardinality, Cantor-Bernstein Theorem, Cantor Theorem.
Model of natural numbers in set theory. Finite sets, countably infinte sets.
Integer, rational and real numbers.
Well ordered sets, cardinal and ordinal numbers (operations, ordering).
Axiom of Choice and its equivalents. |