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Last update: prof. RNDr. David Vokrouhlický, DrSc. (07.06.2019)
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Last update: RNDr. Jaroslav Haas, Ph.D. (14.01.2019)
L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz (1975, 2000 corrections). The Classical Theory of Fields. Vol. 2 (4th ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.
S. Weinberg (1972). Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity. John Wiley and Sons. |
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Last update: RNDr. Jaroslav Haas, Ph.D. (14.01.2019)
Přednáška. |
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Last update: RNDr. Jaroslav Haas, Ph.D. (14.01.2019)
Brief historical introduction Beginnings of cosmology and its definition; naive models and their representatives (Bruno, Galilei, Newton, Halley, de Chéseaux and others).
Basic cosmological terms and observational data Concept of homogeneity and isotropy; statistical tests; distances and time-scales in the universe; Olbers paradoxon; inhomogeneity in the distribution of stars; structure and dimensions of our Galaxy; distance of the galaxy M31 in Andromeda; redshifts and the Hubble relation; homogeneity and isotropy in the distribution of the extragalactical objects.
Overview of the theory of the symmetric manifolds Killing vectors; scalars, vectors and tensors in the maximally symmetric manifolds; Ricci tensor; Ricci scalar; Minkowski, de Sitter and anti-de Sitter metrics; steady-state metric; maximally symmetric submanifolds; Friedmann metric and its derivation.
Cosmography Cosmological principle and its observational tests; Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric; comoving coordinates; conformal time; redshift; definition of the cosmological distances; Pogson relation in cosmology; relation between distance and redshift; K correction; relation between the number of extragalactical objects and redshift; deceleration parameter.
Standard cosmological model and its equations Einstein equations without pressure and with pressure; critical density; Friedmann equation and its solutions; cosmological constant; omega-factors; horizon.
Observational tests of the standard cosmological model Cosmic microwave background radiation; helium abundance in the universe; cosmological tests of homogeneity and isotropy; accelerating Universe. |