SubjectsSubjects(version: 945)
Course, academic year 2016/2017
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Cosmology I - NAST009
Title: Kosmologie I
Guaranteed by: Astronomical Institute of Charles University (32-AUUK)
Faculty: Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Actual: from 2015 to 2019
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 4
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:3/0, Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Guarantor: doc. RNDr. Attila Mészáros, DrSc.
RNDr. Jaroslav Haas, Ph.D.
Classification: Physics > Astronomy and Astrophysics
Annotation -
Last update: prof. RNDr. David Vokrouhlický, DrSc. (07.06.2019)
First semester of a course of cosmology. Brief historical introduction; basic cosmological terms and observational data; overview of the theory of the symmetric manifolds; cosmography; standard cosmological model and its equations; observational tests of the standard cosmological model. Designated primarily for master and Ph.D. students of astronomy and astrophysics, theoretical physics and particle and nuclear physics. Knowledge of the general theory of relativity at the level of NTMF111 course is assumed. Emphasis is put on the cosmological aspects of the astronomical observations.
Literature -
Last update: RNDr. Jaroslav Haas, Ph.D. (14.01.2019)

L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz (1975, 2000 corrections). The Classical

Theory of Fields. Vol. 2 (4th ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.

S. Weinberg (1972). Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications

of the General Theory of Relativity. John Wiley and Sons.

Teaching methods - Czech
Last update: RNDr. Jaroslav Haas, Ph.D. (14.01.2019)

Přednáška.

Syllabus -
Last update: RNDr. Jaroslav Haas, Ph.D. (14.01.2019)

Brief historical introduction

Beginnings of cosmology and its definition; naive models and their

representatives (Bruno, Galilei, Newton, Halley, de Chéseaux and others).

Basic cosmological terms and observational data

Concept of homogeneity and isotropy; statistical tests; distances and

time-scales in the universe; Olbers paradoxon; inhomogeneity in the

distribution of stars; structure and dimensions of our Galaxy; distance of

the galaxy M31 in Andromeda; redshifts and the Hubble relation; homogeneity

and isotropy in the distribution of the extragalactical objects.

Overview of the theory of the symmetric manifolds

Killing vectors; scalars, vectors and tensors in the maximally symmetric

manifolds; Ricci tensor; Ricci scalar; Minkowski, de Sitter and anti-de Sitter

metrics; steady-state metric; maximally symmetric submanifolds; Friedmann

metric and its derivation.

Cosmography

Cosmological principle and its observational tests; Friedmann-Robertson-Walker

metric; comoving coordinates; conformal time; redshift; definition of the

cosmological distances; Pogson relation in cosmology; relation between distance

and redshift; K correction; relation between the number of extragalactical

objects and redshift; deceleration parameter.

Standard cosmological model and its equations

Einstein equations without pressure and with pressure; critical density;

Friedmann equation and its solutions; cosmological constant; omega-factors;

horizon.

Observational tests of the standard cosmological model

Cosmic microwave background radiation; helium abundance in the universe;

cosmological tests of homogeneity and isotropy; accelerating Universe.

 
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