SubjectsSubjects(version: 970)
Course, academic year 2016/2017
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Prokaryotic genetics - MB140P13
Title: Genetika prokaryot
Czech title: Genetika prokaryot
Guaranteed by: Department of Genetics and Microbiology (31-140)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2014 to 2018
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 3
Examination process: summer s.:oral
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:2/0, Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Level: basic
Note: enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: RNDr. Irena Lichá, CSc.
Teacher(s): RNDr. Irena Lichá, CSc.
Attributes: Modul Buněčná a molekulární biologie
Co-requisite : {Molekulární biologie(MB140P71 nebo MB140P41)}
Is co-requisite for: MB140C13
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Annotation -
Aim of the lecture is to introduce students to problems of prokaryotic genetics. The opportunities and availability of prokaryotes to modify, and transfer their genetic information will be explained. 1.Molecular basis of mutations, mutants. 2. Transformation, definition, natural transformation, elaboration of chromosomal maps. 3.Conjugation, F-mediated, Hfr cells, formation of F' strains, experimental achievement, 4.Transduction, nonspecific natural (phage P1), specialized (phage lambda), phage Mu. 4. Transposable elements, classification, transposition mechanism. 5. Genetics with transposons, transposon-induced mutagenesis, gene fusion.


Last update: Nunvář Jaroslav, RNDr., Ph.D. (16.05.2023)
Literature -

Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, Snyder, L. and Champness, W. 2nd Ed., (ASM Press), 2003.

Last update: Nunvář Jaroslav, RNDr., Ph.D. (16.05.2023)
Syllabus -

The lectures are given in Czech language only.

INTRODUCTION:

Basic characteristics of prokaryotic chromosome, differences between archaea and bacteria. Explanation and relations of inheritance in haploid organisms. Basic genetic terminology and nomenclature. The importance of lateral transfer of genetic information in the evolution of prokaryotes.

MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS:

Structure, function and types of mobile elements (DDE, Y, S). Structure and types of insertion sequences. Models transpositions mechanisms and regulation of transpositions. Types and classification of transposons. Integrons and their structure, site-specific recombination. Mobile elements of archaa. The influence of mobile elements on the diversity of prokaryotes.

PLASMIDS:

Genetic determinants of natural plasmids of bacteria and archaea, their properties, classification. Mechanisms of regulation of replication of plasmids in the context of compatibility, the number of copies, stability and segregation of plasmids. Plasmids as a tool for genetic manipulation.

BACTERIAL CONJUGATION:

mechanism of conjugative transfer and the genetic determinants required for conjugative transfer (Tra genes), mobilization of plasmids. Chromosome mobilization. F plasmid, HFR strains and the mechanism of transmission, conjugative mapping, formation of F 'plasmids, the emergence of partial diploidity. R plasmids, conjugative transposons. Interspecies transfer of genetic information.

TRANSFORMATION:

Natural competence, (G + and G-bacteria). Integration of donor genetic material, homologous recombination, discrimination heterologous DNA integration vectors, allele exchange systems. Transformation mapping.

BAKTREIOFÁGES:

Genome structure and basic genetics of bacteriophages (Lambda, P1, T4, T7, ssDNA bacteriophages, phage Mu). Bacteriophage infection of bacterial cells: lytic cycle lysogenic cycle, mechanism of replication, useful derivatives used in genetics. Viruses ofarchaea (STIV).

Transduction:

Nonspecific transduction: basic mechanisms, transduction mapping, two and three factor crossing. Specific transduction: basic characteristics, use in bacterial genetics

BASIS OF GENETIC ANALYSIS.

Specific, non-specific mutations, the efficiency of mutation, mutation rate, methods of selection and isolation of mutants, types of culture medium. Types of mutations. Mutants used in the genetics of bacteria (auxotrophs, suppressors, conditional mutations.) Complementaion, genetic analysis, allelic exchange, genetic and physical mapping. Genetic analysis in representative archaea (Sulfolubus spp.). Genomic approaches.

Last update: Lichá Irena, RNDr., CSc. (18.02.2019)
 
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