SubjectsSubjects(version: 970)
Course, academic year 2012/2013
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Evolution of phenotype - MB162P11
Title: Evoluce fenotypu
Guaranteed by: Department of Ecology (31-162)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2007 to 2013
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 3
Examination process: summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:2/0, Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Note: enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: prof. Mgr. Lukáš Kratochvíl, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): prof. Mgr. Lukáš Kratochvíl, Ph.D.
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Annotation -
The aim of the lecture is to discuss basic concepts and methodological approaches to genetic and epigenetic processes leading to phenotypic variation within as well as across species. The lecture requires basic knowledge of evolutionary biology, genetics, physiology and molecular ecology.
Please note that the lectures are given in the Czech language, only. However, international students can subsitute the lectures with self-study from recommended textbooks.
Last update: Sacherová Veronika, RNDr., Ph.D. (08.10.2014)
Literature -

Brown JH, West GB. (Eds.) 2000. Scaling in Biology. Oxford University Press; New York, Oxford.

Deeming DC. (Ed.) 2004. Reptilian incubation: Environment, evolution and behaviour. Nottingham University Press.

Minelli A. 2003. The Development of Animal Form: Ontogeny, Morphology, and Evolution. Cambridge University Press.

Mousseau TA, Fox CW. (Eds.) 1998. Maternal Effects as Adaptation. Oxford University Press; New York, Oxford.

Mousseau TA, Sinervo B, Endler J. (Eds.) 2000. Adaptive Genetic Variation in the Wild. Oxford University Press; New York, Oxford.

Scherer G, Schmid M. (Eds.) 2000. Genes and Mechanisms in Vertebrate Sex Determination. Birkhäuser Buch Verlag.

West-Eberhart MJ. 2003. Developmental Plasticity. Oxford University Press; New York, Oxford.

journals: Evolution, Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Functional Ecology, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society etc.

Last update: Sacherová Veronika, RNDr., Ph.D. (21.12.2017)
Requirements to the exam - Czech

Ústní zkouška.

Last update: Sacherová Veronika, RNDr., Ph.D. (25.11.2011)
Syllabus -

1) Phenotypic plasticity

– norm of reaction; methodological approaches to detection of phenotypic plasticity - transplant and „common garden“ experiments and their analyses; interactions between genotype and environment; phenotypic flexibility; adaptivity of phenotypic plasticity; canalization; developmental stability; Baldwin effect and genetic assimilation

2) Maternal effects

  • detection of maternal effect; genetics of maternal effects; examples of maternal effects particularly in life-history traits; maternal effects as adaptations vs. deliterous maternal effects

3) Mechanisms of sex determination

– genotypic sex determination; environmental (temperature-dependent) sex determination; phylogeny of sex determining mechanisms; gonad differentiation; role of sex steroids in sex determination in vertebrates; sex determining genes and evolution of genetic cascades involved in sex determination and differentiation; sex changes during ontogeny

4) Proximate mechanisms of polymorphisms and sexual dimorphism

– regulation of alternative phenotypes; expression of secondary sexual traits; hypertrophy and hyperplasy; hormones and methods of hormonal manipulations; hormonal activation and organisation pf morphological and behavioral traits; genetics of secondary sexual traits – intersexual genetic correlation; inter- and intralocus sexual conflict and its evolutionary resolution; antagonistic selection; autosomal control, linkage to sexual chromosomes; induced sex revertants and their usage in studies of the control of sexual traits

5) Proximátní mechanismy a důsledky změn ve velikosti těla v ontogenezi a evoluci

  • fenotypové důsledky velikosti buněk a genomu; nukleotyp; modely růstu a vývoje (makroekologická škola a alternativní přístupy); miniaturizace těla a její koreláty

6) Mechanisms of macroevolutionary phenotypic changes

  • duplication; deletion; reversion; heterochrony; heterotopy; intersexual transfer; recurrence; phenotypic accommodation; role of developmental plasticity vs. genetic determination

7) Genetics of phenotypic changes

  • basics of quantitative genetics; definitions of heritability; methodological approaches to heritability estimation; QTL; pleiotropy; epistatic interaction; candidate genes; hybridization as a tool of genetic analysis; examples of simple genetic changes with large phenotypic effects; phenotypic changes caused by differences in gene expression

8) Evolution of complex phenotypes

Modularity; correlated trait changes; allometry (ontogenetic, static and evolutionary); phenotypic integration as adaptation vs. evolutionary constraint; personality as phenotypic integration of behavioral traits

Last update: Sacherová Veronika, RNDr., Ph.D. (21.12.2017)
 
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