|
|
|
||
|
Last update: VOTRUB (10.02.2003)
|
|
||
|
Last update: Mgr. Matyáš Fendrych, Ph.D. (09.02.2021)
Literatura: "Molecular plant development - From Gene to Plant " Westhoff P et al, Oxford Univ. Press, 1998;
Buchanan BB, Gruissem W, Jones RL: "Biochemistry and molecular biology of plants", ASPP, Rockville 2001, ISBN 0-943088-39-9 |
|
||
|
Last update: Mgr. Matyáš Fendrych, Ph.D. (02.02.2022)
1.Basic categories and methods of developmental biology. Positional information, morphogen gradients. The concept of cell layers - tunica and corpus. Major model systems in plant developmental biology; induction, isolation and characterisation of developmental mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Classic and molecular analysis of mutants - use of molecular markers. RNAi technology as a tool for connecting genes and functions.
2. Regulation of gene expression in the three genomes of a plant cell - combining prokaryotic and eukaryotic principles in one cellular system. Organisation of plant DNA, chromatin, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Coordination of expression of all three genomes. Plant genomics.
3. Development of the plant embryo - polarity, origins and organisaton of the apical and basal meristem. Differentiation and development of root tissues.
4. The vegetative developmental phase - regulation of the apical meristem function and regular modular initiation of leaves, interodia and axillar buds. Ontogeny of leaves - dorsovetrality and differentiation of stomata. Initiation of lateral roots. Regulatory relationships between underground and aboveground organs.
5. Formal description of the modular structure and algorithmic development of the plant body and its mathematical modelling.
6. Regulation of the initiation and growth of trichomes and root hairs - control of cell polarity and the interplay of cell wall, cytoskeletal and secretory functions.
7. Photomorphogenesis - light as a morphogenetic and developmental regulator. Light receptors and signalling pathways The COP complex and integration of signals.
8. Developmental role of phytohormones - receptors and signalling pathways.
9. Flower induction, photoperiodism, vernalization. Regulation of flower meristem function, origin and development of flower organs.
10. Regulation of plant sexual reproduction - formation of the male and female gametophyte, pollination and fertilisation. Pollen incompatibility and cytoplasmic male sterility.
11. Plants and stress - reaction of plants to adverse biotic and abiotic conditions. Programmed cell death. Interaction of plants and microorganisms - nodulation and formation of tumors. T-DNA as a tool of plant developmental biology.
12. Integration of developmental processes - mechanical pressure vectors, morphogen gradients, long-range symplastic signalling via plasmodesmata. |