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The Hallstatt Period (Early Iron Age; 800‒450 BC; Ha C1‒D3) is not only a period of common use of new and
easily available domestic metal ‒ iron, but also the continuation of extensive socio-economic changes. The chief society is visibly stratified and there is a gradual political assertion of individuals and their communities ‒ centralization processes. Privileged male and female magnates (at a higher level of development of the society princes and princesses) accumulating in their hands power and wealth, which is unevenly represented in the landscape. The prominent magnate layer stands on top of the social pyramid, using its wealth and religious activities to strengthen its status and consolidate power. The course focuses on the period since the beginning of the Hallstatt Period in Moravia as a model region. Moravia (eastern part of the Czech Republic) has absorbed, mixed and created new cultural settings by its location at the crossroads of the Pannonian-Elbe (East-West direction) and Amber Roads (from the North from the Baltic Sea to the South to the Adriatic), it became a scene of change or a buffer zone between the autochthonous population and nomads or neighboring semi-settled/migratory cultures. It is therefore necessary to study this area with an overlap into the surrounding regions, especially Bohemia, Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, Austria, Slovakia and others, with an emphasis on connecting with the Mediterranean. The course also outlines the contrast between the previous Urnfield Period (1300–800 BC) and especially its conclusion, studied Hallstatt Period, passes in the Early La Tène Period (450–375 BC). It deals with the phenomena of the studied period, presents individual partial issues as complete blocks. The most important sites, characteristics, their dating and periodization, artifacts connected with the issue (material sources) and especially the socio-economic importance will be presented within the individual lecture blocks. Last update: Šmidtová Renata, Ing. (02.09.2024)
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The aim of the course is to make students acquainted with the significant phenomena of the Hallstatt Period (8th‒5th century BC) in the exemplary territory of Moravia with an overlap into the surrounding regions. During the lectures, students will learn about the current state of research in all major areas of research as well as the latest theoretical approaches to the evaluation and interpretation of selected ranges of archaeological sources. Emphasis is placed on understanding socio-economic issues. Last update: Šmidtová Renata, Ing. (02.09.2024)
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Bartík, J. et al. (Bartík, J. - Čermáková, E. - Čisťaková, V. - Čižmář, I. - (+) Čižmář, M. - Daňhel, M. - Fojtík, P. - Frolík, J. - Golec, M. - Kalábek, M. - Klápa, O. - Knotek, P. - Komoróczy, B. - Langová, J. - Merta, T. - Musil, J. - Novák, M. - Popelka, M. - Rožnovský, D. - Říčan, D. - Sedláček, R. - Schenk, Z. - Šín, P. - Šmerda, J. - Tomešová, B. - Válek, D. - Vích, D. - Vránová, V. - Waldhauser, J. - Zeman, T.) 2017: The Vekerzug and other Eastern cultures in the Czech Republic, Studia Archaeologica Brunensia 22/1, 27-69. Biel, J. 1985: Der Keltenfürst von Hochdorf. Stuttgart. Bouzek, J. 1997: Greece, Anatolia and Europe: Cultural Interrelations during the Early Iron Age. Jonsered. Čižmář, M. 2004: Encyklopedie hradišť na Moravě a ve Slezsku. Praha. Drda, P. - Chytráček, M. 2005: Frühe Zentralorte in Böhmen. In: Biel, J. - Krausse, D. (Hrsg.), Frühkeltische Fürstensitze. Älteste Städte und Herrschaftszentren nördlich der Alpen?, Internationaler Workshop zur keltischen Archäologie in Eberdingen-Hochdorf 12. - 13. September 2003. Archäologische Informationen aus Baden-Württemberg 51. Esslingen, 57‒62. Egg, M. 1996: Zu den Fürstengräbern im Osthallstattkreis. In: Jerem, E. - Lippert, A. (Hrsg.), Die Osthallstattkultur. Akten des Internationalen Symposiums, Sopron 10. - 14. Mai 1994, Archaeolingua 7. Budapest, 53-86. Goláňová, P. 2018: The Early La Tène Period in Moravia. Studien zur Archäologie Europas 32. Bonn. Goláňová, P. 2021: The invisible Early La Tène elites in Moravia? Evidence from a bronze flagon mount found at Pavlov-Děvín (okr. Břeclav / CZ), Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 51/3, 351‒369. Golec, M. 2017: The Phenommenon of the Býčí Skála Cave. Landscape, Cave and Mankind. Archaeologica Olomucensia I. Olomouc. Golec, M. ‒ Fojtík, P. 2020: Centrum východohalštatské kultury na střední na Moravě. Archaeologica Olomucensia ‒ Tomus V. Olomouc: Vydavatelství Univerzity Palackého Olomouc. Golec, M. - Mírová, Z. 2020: Hallstatt Period in Moravia. Elites, centralisation and social model in Ha D1‒D3. In: Chvojka, O. - Chytráček, M. - Gruber, H. - Husty, L. - Michálek, J. - Sandner, R. - Schmotz, K. - Traxler, S. (eds.), Fines Transire 29/2020. Rahden/Westf. Golec, M. et al. (Golec, M. ‒ Golec Mírová, Z. ‒ Fojtík, P. ‒ Kučera, L. ‒ Šmíd, M.) 2023: Banquet of elites: Hallstatt Period hoard with bronze vessels and iron cauldron hanger of Kralice na Hané in Moravia, Journal of Archaeological Science ‒ Reports 41, 103319, DOI: Chytráček, M. - Metlička, M. 2004: Die Höhensiedlungen der Hallstatt- und Latènezeit in Westböhmen. Památky archeologické - Supplementum 16. Praha. Chytráček, M. et al. (Chytráček, M. - Danielisová, A. - Trefný, M. - Slabina, M.) 2010: Zentralisierungsprozesse und Siedlungsdynamik in Böhmen (8. - 4. Jh. v. Chr.). In: Krausse, D. - Beilharz, D. (eds.), „Fürstensitze“ und Zentralorte der frühen Kelten. Abschlusskolloquium des DFG-Schwerpunktprogramms 1171 in Stuttgart, 12. - 15. Oktober 2009, Forschungen und Berichte zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte in Baden-Württemberg 120. Stuttgart, 155-173. Kas, S. - Schußmann, M. 1998: Einige Überlegungen zu den hallstattzeitlichen Herrenhöfen. In: Berthold, B. - Kahler, E. - Kas, S. - Neubauer, D. - Schmidt, S. - Schußmann, M. (Hrsg.), Zeitenblicke. Ehrengabe für Walter Janssen. Rahden/Westf., 93-123. Kos, P. et al. (Kos, P. ‒ Boberová, K. ‒ Dobisíková, M. ‒ Kala, J. ‒ Kršová, M. ‒ Sázelová, S. ‒ Tvrdý, Z. ‒ Živný, M.) 2022: Nekropole halštatské kultury Modřice 2. Hroby za tratí Sádky a Rybníky. Pravěk ‒ Supplementum 38/1. Brno: Institute of Archaeological Heritage Brno. Krausse, D. ‒ Beilharz, D. ‒ Fernandéz-Götz, M. 2012: Macht, Zentralisierung, Herrschaft. Zentren der macht in der Eisenzeit. In: Die Welt der Kelten ‒ Zentren der Macht. Kostbarkeiten der Kunst. Stuttgart, 39‒41. Lang, A. ‒ Salač, V. 2002 (eds.): Fernkontakte in der Eisenzeit. Konferenz Liblice 2000. Praha. Mírová, Z. 2019: The horse in the Bronze and Iron Age in Moravia. Archaeologica Olomucensia Tomus III. Olomouc. Mírová, Z. ‒ Golec, M. 2018: Hallstatt Magnate Graves from Brno-Holásky 1 and 2 in Central European Context. Archaeologiae Regionalis Fontes 13. Olomouc. Nebelsick, L. D. et al. (Nebelsick, L. D. - Eibner, A. - Lauermann, E. - Neugebauer, J.-W.) 1997: Hallstattkultur im Osten Österreichs. St. Pölten - Wien. Parzinger, H. - Nekvasil, J. - Barth, F. E. 1995: Die Býčí skála-Höhle. Ein hallstattzeitlicher Höhlenopferplatz in Mähren. Römisch-germanische Forschungen 54. Mainz am Rhein. Röber, R. - Jansen, M. - Rau, S. - von Nicolai, S. - I. Frech (Red.) 2012: Die Welt der Kelten. Zentren der Macht - Kostbarkeiten der Kunst. Berlin. Venclová, N. (ed.) 2012: The Early Iron Age ‒ The Hallstatt Period. The Prehistory of Bohemia 5. Praha. Last update: Šmidtová Renata, Ing. (02.09.2024)
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1. Introduction to Hallstatt Period 1 ‒ West Hallstatt and East Hallstatt cultures 2. Introduction to Hallstatt Period 2 ‒ Mediterranean, Black Sea, the Near East 3. Moravia in the Hallstatt Period 4. Identification of the elites in the Hallstatt Period in Moravia 5. Burials of elites (magnate mounds and graves) and other burial grounds 6. Settlements of the Hallstatt Period ‒ lowland settlements and homesteads 7. Hilltop settlement of the Hallstatt Period ‒ hillforts 8. Mining, production and production sites of th Hallstatt Period 9. Hoards as a phenomenon of the Platěnicě group of the East Hallstatt culture 10. Central cave sanctuary Habrůvka ‒ "Býčí skála" 11. Interregional contacts ‒ commodities, trade and its actors 12. Late Hallstatt Period and transition in to the Early La Tène Period 13. Other phenomena of Hallstatt society - religion, situlae art, music, writing, etc. Last update: Šmidtová Renata, Ing. (02.09.2024)
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