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Ultrashort laser pulses have applications in many fields of physics or chemistry for measurement of ultrafast
phenomena occurring on short timescales (typically ps-ns). This lecture is focused on the introduction to the
physics of ultrashort laser pulses with time durations in the femtosecond domain. We will discuss practical and
theoretical concepts related to linear and nonlinear optical phenomena related to ultrashort pulse propagation in
matter, their generation, practical applications and characterization of their properties.
Last update: Kopecký Vladimír, RNDr., Ph.D. (09.05.2023)
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Rullière, Claude (Ed.): Femtosecond Laser Pulses: Principles and Experiments, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2005 J.-C. Diels, W. Rudolph: Ultrashort laser pulse phenomena, Elsevier, Heidelberg, 2006 C. D. Lin, Anh-Thu Le, Cheng Jin, Hui Wei: Attosecond and Strong-Field Physics: Principles and Applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2018 J. Shah: Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Semiconductors and Semiconductor Nanostructures, Springer, Berlin, 1996 Kärtner, F. X.: Few-Cycle Laser Pulse Generation and Its Applications, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 2004 Boyd, R. V.: Nonlinear Optics, Academic Press, San Diego, 1992 Last update: Kozák Martin, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (02.05.2019)
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1. Introduction, motivation and important applications of ultrashort laser pulses. 2. Ultrashort pulse propagation in linear media, dispersion compensation. 3. Ultrashort pulse propagation in nonlinear media, nonlinear pulse compression, wavelength conversion. 4. Generation of ultrashort pulses by mode-locking, theory of active and passive mode-locking, Haus master equation. 5. Femtosecond lasers – types, typical setups. Femtosecond amplifiers, optical parametric amplifiers and oscillators. 6. Characterization of femtosecond laser pulses. Pulse shaping. 7. Femtosecond frequency comb, carrier-envelope phase stabilization. Noise sources and its reduction in experiments. 8. High harmonic generation, attosecond pulses, characterization. 9. Generation and measurement of THz pulses. 10. Generation of coherent X-ray pulses using free-electron lasers (X-FEL). Last update: Malý Petr, prof. RNDr., DrSc. (02.05.2023)
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