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Course, academic year 2023/2024
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Seismology - NGEO082
Title: Seismologie
Guaranteed by: Department of Geophysics (32-KG)
Faculty: Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Actual: from 2019
Semester: winter
E-Credits: 5
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:2/1, C+Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech, English
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Guarantor: prof. RNDr. František Gallovič, Ph.D.
prof. RNDr. Jiří Zahradník, DrSc.
Annotation -
Last update: T_KG (29.04.2013)
Seismic signals and seismic noise. Macroseismic observations of earthquakes. Seismic instruments and data. Earthquake location. Seismicity. Body and surface seismic waves in simple Earth models. Physical processes in earthquake sources.
Aim of the course -
Last update: T_KG (29.04.2013)

The aim is to provide students with basic of seismology to be able to continue with specialized courses, to work on master and doctoral theses. To understand seismic data and to be able to use them in studying the Earth’s internal structure and physical processes in earthquake sources.

Course completion requirements - Czech
Last update: prof. RNDr. František Gallovič, Ph.D. (06.10.2017)

Podmínkou udělení zápočtu je absolvování písemného testu.

Získání zápočtu je podmínkou pro konání zkoušky.

Literature - Czech
Last update: T_KG (02.05.2013)
  • B. Bolt: Earthquakes, W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco 1999.
  • T. Lay, T.C. Wallace: Modern global seismology. Academic Press 1995.
  • P.M. Shearer: Introduction to seismology. Cambridge University Press 1999.
  • A. Udias: Principles of seismology. Cambridge University Press 2000.
  • O. Kulhánek: Anatomy of seismograms. Elsevier 1990.
  • O. Kulhánek: Propagation of seismic waves (lecture notes). Uppsala University 1993.
  • K. Aki, P.G. Richards, Quantitative seismology. University Science Books 2002.
  • F.A. Dahlen, J. Tromp: Theoretical global seismology. Princeton University Press 1998.
  • http://wwwneic.cr.usgs.gov
  • New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice (NMSOP-2) (nmsop.gfz-potsdam.de)

Teaching methods -
Last update: T_KG (11.04.2008)

Lecture + exercises

Requirements to the exam - Czech
Last update: prof. RNDr. František Gallovič, Ph.D. (06.10.2017)

Zkouška je ústní, požadavky odpovídají sylabu v rozsahu prezentovaném na přednášce.

Syllabus -
Last update: T_KG (29.04.2013)
Macroseismic data

Earthquake damages. Ground motion and intensity, macroseismic scales, isoseismal maps. Relations between intensity and ground motion. Attenuation relations. Community products (ShakeMap, PAGER).

Instrumental data

Mechanical seismograph and its transfer function (for input displacement, velocity and acceleration). Electromagnetic velocity sensor. Force-balance broadband seismograph. Strong-motion accelerograph. Description of instrument response with poles and zeroes. Instrumental correction of seismograms. Translation and rotation components. Static displacement and tilt. Seismograph saturation.

Location

Principle of kinematic location, linearization and solution by the least-squares method. Non-linear location methods. Uncertainty estimates. Relative location methods.

Seismicity

Focal regions in global and regional scale, depth distribution. Frequency-magnitude relations. Statistical properties of aftershock sequences.

Body waves

Elastic parameters. Linearized equation of motion. Effects of discontinuities, free surface and absorption. Rays and travel-time curves of body waves. Ray parameter and travel-time derivatives. Travel times for a layer over half-space; MOHO discontinuity; Pn, Pg and PmP waves. Theoretical travel times in a homogeneous mantle and core: P, PcP and PKP waves. The Wiechert-Herglotz equation. "Dictionary" of seismic phases. Standard seismic models of the Earth (JB, PREM, IASP91). Principles of seismic tomography.

Surface waves

Love waves for a layer over half-space; dispersion and depth dependence. Rayleigh waves. Mantle waves. Dispersion curves for continents and oceans. Dispersion curves by cross-correlating ambient noise in pairs of stations. Surface-wave tomography.

Magnitude

Richter's magnitude. Magnitude from body and surface waves, Magnitude saturation. Moment magnitude.

Seismic source

Fault plane, rupture, slip. Seismic moment. Radiation pattern of P and S waves and focal mechanism from first-motion polarities. P-T-N axes. Nodal planes and source angles (strike, dip, rake). Fault-plane size and corner frequency. Relation between the fault length, moment and stress drop.

 
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