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Course, academic year 2023/2024
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Seismic surface waves - NGEO034
Title: Seismické povrchové vlny
Guaranteed by: Department of Geophysics (32-KG)
Faculty: Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Actual: from 2020
Semester: winter
E-Credits: 5
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:2/1, C+Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech, English
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Guarantor: prof. RNDr. František Gallovič, Ph.D.
Classification: Physics > Geophysics
Annotation -
Last update: T_KG (03.05.2013)
Body and surface elastic waves, tsunami. Interference character of surface waves, Rayleigh and Love waves in simple structures and their dispersion, ellipticity of Rayleigh waves. Matrix methods for modeling waves in layered media. Analysis of dispersive signals, determination of phase and group velocities. Seismic noise, determination of Green’s functions from cross-correlations, array measurements. Examples of structural studies using surface waves.
Aim of the course -
Last update: T_KG (03.05.2013)

Students will learn about differences between seismic body waves and surface waves, basic theory of surface waves, analysis of surface waves in seismograms and their applications in structural studies of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle.

Course completion requirements - Czech
Last update: prof. RNDr. František Gallovič, Ph.D. (06.10.2017)

Podmínkou udělení zápočtu je aktivní účast na cvičeních.

Povaha kontroly studia předmětu vylučuje opravné termíny zápočtu.

Získání zápočtu je podmínkou pro konání zkoušky.

Literature - Czech
Last update: T_KG (03.05.2013)
  • O. Novotný: Seismic Surface Waves. Lecture notes. UFBA, Salvador, Bahia 1999.
  • K. Aki, P.G. Richards, Quantitative seismology. University Science Books 2002.
  • M. Bath: Introduction to Seismology. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel 1979 (second edition).
  • E. Savarensky: Seismic Waves. Mir Publishers, Moscow 1975.
  • T.A. Proskurjakova, O. Novotny, E.V. Voronina: Izučenie stroenija Zemli metodom poverchnostnych voln (Central'naja Evropa). Nauka, Moskva 1981. (Studies of the Earth's Structure by the Surface-Wave Method (Central Europe); rusky).
  • V.I. Kejlis-Borok (ed.): Seismic Surface Waves in a Laterally Inhomogeneous Earth. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 1989.

Teaching methods -
Last update: T_KG (03.05.2013)

Lecture + exercises

Requirements to the exam - Czech
Last update: prof. RNDr. František Gallovič, Ph.D. (06.10.2017)

Zkouška je ústní, požadavky odpovídají sylabu v rozsahu prezentovaném na přednášce.

Syllabus -
Last update: T_KG (03.05.2013)
Introduction

Body and surface elastic waves, waves on water (tsunami). Main types of surface waves and their characteristics. Examples of seismograms.

Dispersion relations of surface waves

Derivation of the dispersion relation for Love waves propagating in a layer over half-space. Love waves as an interference phenomenon of SH-waves; derivation of the dispersion relation from the condition of constructive interference. Rayleigh waves in a homogeneous half-space. Dispersion of Rayleigh waves in a layer over a half-space.

Synthetic seismograms

Modal structure of surface waves, eigenfunctions, elipticity of Rayleigh waves, modal summation, attenuation with distance. Weyl integral, discrete wavenumber method.

Matrix methods

Model of a layered medium. Matrix for one layer and for a stack of layers. Dispersion relation for Love waves in a layered medium. Thomson-Haskell matrices and their modifications. Thomson-Haskell matrices for Rayleigh waves; the loss-of-precision problem and its causes. Matrix formulations eliminating the loss of precision.

Analysis of dispersed wave trains

Superposition of two plane harmonic waves with different frequencies and velocities, phase and group velocities. Superposition of a wave packet with a narrow/broad spectrum. Formulae for determining experimental dispersion curves: application of the stationary-phase method, Fourier spectra and frequency-time analysis. Practical determination of dispersion curves from seismograms. Determination of structural model as an inverse problem.

Seismic noise and array measurements

Methods for determining Green’s functions from cross-correlation of noise measurements in station pairs, tomography from surface waves. Analysis of array data, determination of dispersion curve from seismic noise.

Examples of structural and source studies using surface waves

Crustal and upper-mantle structure along some profiles. Shallow structure from array measurements, determination of the bedrock depth. Surface and mantle waves in focal mechanism inversion.

 
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