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The course Basic Principles of Physics II is the second course in the physics series of the program Science. It gives
a general introduction to the concepts of electromagnetism, optics and light-matter interaction, essential for
understanding complex phenomena beyond the territory of physics.
The course set the knowledge base for the laboratory course and follow-up classes on quantum mechanics,
electrodynamics and special relativity. Also, it provides a guide to application of the principles and laws of
electromagnetism and optics in chemistry and biology.
Last update: Mikšová Kateřina, Mgr. (02.02.2022)
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The condition for completing the course is the successful passing of the exam, which is preceded by getting credit for the exercises. Last update: Houfek Karel, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (14.05.2023)
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1. University Physics Volume 2 and Volume 3, Jeff Sanny, Samuel Ling, OpenStax, 2016 2. Electricity and Magnetism (3rd edition), E.M. Purcell and D.J. Morin, Cambridge University Press, 2013 3. Fundamentals of Physics II: Electromagnetism, Optics, and Quantum Mechanics (The Open Yale Courses Series Book 2) 1st Edition, R. Shankar 4. The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol. II: The New Millennium Edition: Mainly Electromagnetism and Matter (50th New Millennium Edition), Richard P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton, M. Sands 5. Electromagnetism, J. C. Slater, Dover Books on Physics, 2011 6. Solved Problems in Classical Electromagnetism, J. Franklin, Dover Books on Physics, 2018 7. Optics. E. Hecht, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2001 8. Introduction to Fourier Optics, J.W. Goodman, Englewood, CO: Roberts & Co., 2004 9. Engineering Optics, K. Iizuka, Springer 2019 10. Introduction to Modern Optics, G.R. Fowles, Dover Books on Physics, 1990 11. Modern Classical Physics: Optics, Fluids, Plasmas, Elasticity, Relativity, and Statistical Physics, K.S. Thorne, R.D. Blandford, Princetown University Press, 2017 12. Fundamentals of Physics, Halliday, Resnick and Walker, 10 edition, Wiley, 2013 13. Lecture notes 14. Set of problems (with solutions) for exercises 15. Visualizations of key experiments Last update: Prokleška Jan, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (26.02.2024)
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Final mark is based on the oral examination. Oral examination takes place during the examination period and students must first obtain the credit for exercises. Credit for exercises is based on the presence on exercises, active participation and successful completion of the test. Last update: Prokleška Jan, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (19.02.2024)
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1. Basic concepts and laws of the electrostatic field in vacuum: Point charge, charge density. Coulomb's law. Electrostatic field intensity, potential, energy, and density. Gauss's law. Electrostatic induction. Conductive and non-conductive body. Capacity. The interaction energy of point charges. Forces acting on a dipole.
2. Electrical current: definition, current density, continuity equation. Stationary electric field. Ohm's law, electrical resistance, and electrical conductivity. Stationary electrical circuit. Electromotive voltage, Kirchhoff's rules. Joule's law.
3. Basic concepts and laws of the magnetic field in vacuum: Magnetic induction, Ampere's law. Vector potential, Biot-Savart formula. Magnetic circuit, magnetostatic field.
4. Quasi-stationary electric and magnetic fields: Law of electromagnetic induction. Self and mutual inductance of conductors. General properties of a quasi-stationary field. Magnetic field energy density. Quasi-stationary circuit, Kirchhoff's rules. AC harmonic voltage generation, AC circuits.
5.The electrostatic and magnetic field in media: Polarization of dielectrics, bound charges. Gauss's law for electrostatic fields in dielectrics, vector of electric induction. Magnetic polarization (magnetization). Ampere's law in the materials, magnetic field intensity. Material's relations, electrical/magnetic susceptibility, permittivity, and permeability.
6. Dielectric and magnetic properties of materials: Clausius-Mossotti equation. Ferroic order, Curie and Curie-Weiss law. Important applications.
7. Electrical transport in materials: metals, semiconductors, insulators. Validity of Ohm's law, carriers' mobility. Drude's theory. P-n junction. Hall effect. Thermoelectric effect. Important applications.
8. Geometrical optics: specular and diffuse reflection, refraction (Snell’s law), total internal reflection, dispersion, mirrors (mirror equation), ray-tracing, lens design (thin lens equation, multiple lens system).
9. Wave optics: plane wave (polarization, energy density), interference, coherence, Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction, image formation, resolution, optical components, matrix method, Jones calculus, anisotropic optical medium, birefringence.
10. Black body radiation. Light-matter interaction: Lambert-Beer law, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, absorption, emission (natural and stimulated, lasers), applications. Last update: Prokleška Jan, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (10.05.2024)
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