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This course provides an introduction to Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), which is one of the key
techniques for the characterization of electrochemical systems. The course focuses on both the theoretical
understanding of the measurement principles, the mathematical background, and the construction of equivalent
circuits, as well as on the practical mastery of measurement methodology, data fitting, and interpretation of real
experimental results.
The course is intended not only for students of surface physics but also for those from related fields.
Last update: Roučka Štěpán, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (23.05.2025)
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The course is completed by passing an oral exam, which is graded as "excellent", "very good", or "good". The exam must be taken within the time frame set by the academic calendar of the semester in which the course is enrolled. Last update: Roučka Štěpán, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (23.05.2025)
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1. Orazem, M. E., & Tribollet, B. (2017). Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (2nd ed.). JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.. ISBN 978-1-1185-2739-9 2. Bard, A. J., & Faulkner, L. R. (2000). Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications (2nd ed.). New York, JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.. ISBN: 978-0-471-04372-0 3. Lasia, A. (2014). Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and its Applications. Springer New York, NY, ISBN 978-1-4614-8932-0 Last update: Roučka Štěpán, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (23.05.2025)
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The exam is oral and typically consists of two questions based on the course syllabus, covering topics as presented during the lectures. Last update: Roučka Štěpán, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (23.05.2025)
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1) Motivation, history, and overview of EIS applications
– Why DC methods are insufficient, what EIS enables, application areas (sensors, electrolyzers, batteries, corrosion) – Examples of Nyquist/Bode plots and what can be learned from them 2) Basic concepts and mathematical background of EIS– Impedance, complex numbers, frequency, Laplace transform 3) Physical interpretation of EIS: capacitance, charge transfer, diffusion – Double layer capacitance, pseudocapacitance, Warburg diffusion – EIS as a tool for ECSA quantification and benchmarking of materials 4) Modeling EIS: Equivalent circuits– Randles circuit, constant phase element (CPE), diffusion, and porous models – When to use which model and how to interpret the parameters 5) Experimental methodology of EIS measurement– Setup, potentiostats, frequency range, noise and artifacts – Kramers-Kronig relations as a test for data consistency 6) Data processing and interpretation– Nyquist and Bode plots, determination of Rct, capacitance, and transient phenomena – Basics of fitting using EC-Lab, AfterMath, or Python 7) Advanced tools: DRT analysis and inverse problems– Core ideas and benefits of DRT, limitations of classical circuit models – Inverse reconstruction as a model-free method 8) Applications of EIS in electrochemistry and materials research– PEM and AEM electrolyzers, fuel cells, corrosion – EIS as a diagnostic tool for system degradation 9) Practical calculations and integration with other methods– Calculation of double layer capacitance, Tafel slope, exchange current density – Combination with LSV/CA/CV and physical interpretation of values 10) Analysis of real-world data– Working with datasets in Python / AfterMath / EC-Lab Last update: Roučka Štěpán, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (23.05.2025)
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