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Course, academic year 2023/2024
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Vacuum Physics - NEVF126
Title: Vakuová fyzika
Guaranteed by: Department of Surface and Plasma Science (32-KFPP)
Faculty: Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Actual: from 2020
Semester: winter
E-Credits: 5
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:2/1, C+Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech, English
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Additional information: https://physics.mff.cuni.cz/kfpp/rozvrh.html
Guarantor: RNDr. Tomáš Gronych, CSc.
doc. RNDr. Jiří Pavlů, Ph.D.
Annotation -
Last update: T_KEVF (15.05.2005)
Introduction to study of vacuum physics and vacuum science. Basic imagination about vacuum. Kinetic description of gas at low pressures, interaction of gas with surface, sorption, permeation, solution of gases in solid. Physical principle of methods for obtaining and measurement of low pressures.
Course completion requirements - Czech
Last update: RNDr. Tomáš Gronych, CSc. (12.10.2017)

Získání zápočtu je podmínkou pro konání zkoušky.

Udělení zápočtu je podmíněno průběžnou účastí na výuce, aktivitou při cvičeních a úspěšným absolvováním závěrečné písemky.

Povaha kontroly studia předmětu vylučuje opakování této kontroly, zápočet se tedy opakovat nedá.

Literature - Czech
Last update: doc. RNDr. Petr Řepa, CSc. (09.01.2007)

Pátý L.: Fyzika nízkých tlaků, Academia Praha 1968.

O’Hanlon : Vacuum Physics

Hoffman D. M.: Handbook of Vakuum Science, Academic Press, San Diego, USA

Teaching methods -
Last update: doc. RNDr. Štěpán Roučka, Ph.D. (06.10.2020)

The lecture is conducted on-line in the winter semester 2020. For more information, see https://physics.mff.cuni.cz/kfpp/rozvrh.html

Requirements to the exam - Czech
Last update: RNDr. Tomáš Gronych, CSc. (12.10.2017)

Zkouška je ústní.

Požadavky ke zkoušce odpovídají sylabu předmětu v rozsahu, který byl prezentován na přednáškách.

Syllabus -
Last update: T_KEVF (15.05.2005)
1. Introduction
Vacuum, historical remarks. Application of vacuum physics in research and technology.

2. Kinetic theory of gases
Properties of gases, general gas law, Dalton's law. Kinetic theory, molecule in kinetic theory, ideal gas. Maxwell-Boltzman's distribution of velocities, mean values of molecule velocities and energies. Kinetic explanation of gas pressure, pressure and concentration of molecules, equation of state for ideal gas, amount of gas. Mixture of gases, partial pressure. Collisions of molecules, mean free path, absorption of particle beam by a gas, frequency ofmolekule impacts on surface. Viscose and molecular conception of gas, characteristic dimension of system, Knudsen's number. Dimension of a molecule. Ideal and real gases, Van-der-Wals' equation of state.

3. Elementary gas transport phenomena
Transport of energy, impulse and mass through gas. Thermal conductivity, relationship between coefficient of thermal conductivity and gas pressure, accommodation coefficient. Internal friction in gases, relationship between viscosity and gas pressure. Diffusion in gases. Gas flow, viscous and molecular concept. Vacuum conductivity, calculation of conductamce of an orifice and a pipe. Effusion, thermal transpiration.

4. Gas interaction with solids
Solubility of gases in condensed matter, diffusion of gases in solids, permeation, relation between solubility and permeation coefficient. Vaporisation, condensation, pressure of saturated vapours, evaporation rate. Specular and diffused reflection, adsorption. Molecular binding energy, adsorption heat, average residence time of a molecule on a surface, physisorption and chemisorption. Kinetic of sorption, adsorption and desorption flow, state of equilibrium, adsorption isotherm. Monolayer adsorption, Henry's law, sticking coefficient,. Langmuir's isotherm. Multilayer adsorbtion, BET isotherm.

5. Characteristics of vacuum system
Pumping speed, decrease of pressure during pumping, sources of gases, ultimate pressure, outgassing of vacuum systems.

 
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