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Last update: T_FUUK (17.05.2001)
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Last update: GASKOVA/MFF.CUNI.CZ (14.05.2008)
Introduction in Yeast Biology |
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Last update: GASKOVA/MFF.CUNI.CZ (14.05.2008)
A. Kocková-Kratochvílová: Kvasinky a kvasinkové organismy, SNTL, Praha, 1982. A. Kocková-Kratochvílová: Taxonómia kvasinek a kvasinkovitých mikroorganizmov, ALFA, Bratislava, 1990. D. Vraná (Ed.): Kvasinky ve výzkumu a praxi, Academia Praha, 1986. O. Bendová, M. Kahler: Pivovarské kvasinky, SNTL, Praha, 1981.
A. Kocková-Kratochvílová: Kvasinky a kvasinkové organismy, SNTL, Praha, 1982
A. Kocková-Kratochvílová: Taxonómia kvasinek a kvasinkovitých mikroorganizmov, ALFA, Bratislava, 1990
D. Vraná (Ed.): Kvasinky ve výzkumu a praxi, Academia Praha, 1986
O. Bendová, M. Kahler: Pivovarské kvasinky, SNTL, Praha, 1981 |
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Last update: GASKOVA/MFF.CUNI.CZ (14.05.2008)
course (facultative) |
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Last update: T_FUUK (24.05.2004)
Definition of yeast: Importance and use.
Yeast morphology. Cell morphology ? size and shape, measuring cells, effect of external factors on cell shape changes, special cells (blastospores, ballistospores, etc.). Morphology of yeast culture ? growth in a liquid and on a solid medium, types of budding, single-cell colonies, giant colonies.
Yeast growth and reproduction: Basic yeast nutrition, growth substances, culture growth ? growth curve (lag phase, exponential, diauxic, post-diauxic, stationary phase, death phase), growth rate (generation time), synchronized growth, effect of temperature, effect of inoculum size.
Yeast taxonomy: System according to Kocková-Kratochvílová, key for genus determination, identification of the most important species and their groups.
Yeast cell structure. Isolation of cell components, cell wall ? structure, scars (types and staining), protoplasts, induced fusion of protoplasts; membrane ? membrane systems, secretion pathway, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, secretion vesicles, modification of proteins during the pathway; vacuole ? function; ribosomes ? cytoplasmic, mitochondrial; cytoskeleton ? methods of study, components, cytoskeletal functions ? shape changes and motion of organelles; mitochondria ? shapes, size, structure; nucleus ? structure; cytosol.
Chemical composition of cells: Cell dry weight, inorganic composition, intercellular and intracellular water, water content of individual organelles, organic cell components ? nucleic acids and proteins, cell wall polysaccharides (mannans, glucans, chitin), intracellular saccharides, lipids, sterols, vitamins.
Yeast cell cycle: Cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, gene control of cell cycle.
Yeast cell mating: The course of mating, a- and á-cell types, homothallism, heterothallism, agglutinins.
Sporulation: Initiation of sporulation, sporulation stages, spore composition, mutants.
Metabolism: Requirements of yeast cells for water, temperature, oxygen ? selective media; transport of substances across the cell wall and cell membrane ? saccharides, amino acids, ions, peptides, glucose uptake ? regulation of glycolysis; types of yeast ATPases ? plasma membrane, vacuolar, mitochondrial; catabolite repression ? hypothesis about its mechanism; energy reserves.
Killer system in yeast. Pathogenic yeasts. Industrial yeasts: Requirements for suitable properties, methods of improvement, use of cell fusion methods and genetic engineering.
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