|
|
|
||
|
The course aims to introduce the basics of planetary volcanism and the volcanic history of the individual worlds of the Solar System, thus showing the variability of volcanism depending on local conditions. In the course, participants will first be introduced to the general theoretical foundations of volcanism and the internal structure of planets and moons, followed by a deeper look at the different types of volcanoes found in nature and what we can learn from their shapes. We will then focus on the formation of magma and large-scale eruptions, as well as the risks and hazards of volcanic activity. Lastly, we will go through the different solid-surfaced bodies in the Solar System where traces of volcanic activity can be found.
Last update: Tomek Filip, Mgr., Ph.D. (26.06.2024)
|
|
||
|
Brož et al. (2023). An overview of sedimentary volcanism on Mars, ESURf (https://esurf.copernicus.org/articles/11/633/2023/)
Brož et al. (2021). An overview of explosive volcanism on Mars, JVGR, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377027320303589
Kearey, P., Klepeis, K. A., Vine, F. J. (Eds.), 2013 Global tectonics. Wiley
Parfitt, E.A., Wilson, L., 2008. Fundamentals of Physical Volcanology, Blackwell, Oxford
Philpotts, A. R., Ague, J. J. (Eds.), 2022 Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Cambridge University Press
Platz, T., Massironi, M., Byrne, P.K., Hiesinger, H., 2015. Volcanism and tectonism across the inner Solar system. Geol. Soc. Lond., Spec. Publ. 401, 1-56. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP401.22.
Sigurdsson, H. (Ed.), 1999. Encyclopedia of volcanoes. Academic Press, San Diego, California Last update: Trnka Rudolf (26.05.2024)
|
|
||
|
Oral exam in the form of a discussion on a selected topic discussed during the semester. In case of a larger number of students enrolled, a written examination will be preferred. Last update: Tomek Filip, Mgr., Ph.D. (30.08.2024)
|
|
||
|
1) Introduction to planetology and planetary volcanism Explain the influence of plate tectonics and mantle convection on planetary cooling. What are other models of cooling of planetary bodies? Where planets get their heat for volcanic activity, how and where magma is formed? Architecture of transcrustal magmatic systems, spatial-temporal-compositional scales of magmatic processes under volcanoes (volcano is just the tip of a huge iceberg). 2) The different faces of volcanism The cause of different types of volcanoes (effusive vs. explosive volcanism), how this relates to viscosity, the presence of volcanic gases, and how this affects the environment (volcanoes below sea level, on land, under glaciers, etc.). 3) Supereruptions Crystal-magma suspensions (mushes), magma storage conditions, rate and principle of eruptive melt extraction. How difficult is it to get the eruptible magma to the surface and what must be done to do so? Supervolcano vs. supereruption, what is it? Examples of extremely fast and extremely large eruptions. The mystery of long-term storage of crystal-rich mushes vs. ephemeral accumulation and eruption of huge volumes of crystal-poor magmas. 4) Risks of volcanism Methods for ground-based monitoring of active volcanoes, assessing volcanic risks, determining evacuation plans, and what to do when a volcano does not behave as expected. What effect does a volcano have on its surroundings - biosphere, hydrosphere, human society, ecosystem? 5) About shrinking Mercury Mercury's volcanic history, how is the cooling of the planet causing it to shrink, and why does this affect volcanic activity? A basic introduction to what we know about Mercury's volcanic activity. 6) About eternally young Venus The volcanic history of Venus, the effect of extreme temperatures and pressures on the course of volcanic eruption on the surface of the body. The depth of the transition between the brittle and ductile zones. Why is the surface of Venus extremely young despite not having plate tectonics? 7) The volcanic history of the Moon Different types of volcanic activity on the surface of the Moon. Why are there more volcanic centers on the inverted side of the Moon and not on the outverted side? What the KREEP anomaly is and how it relates to lunar seas? Explain how samples brought back by astronauts from the lunar surface have helped in understanding the volcanic history of the Moon. 8) Mars Why is the highest known mountain in the Solar System located on the surface of Mars? How is it possible that it has grown so much? At the same time, we will look at explaining the formation of the huge volcanic province of Tharsis, as well as looking at whether volcanoes formed by explosive activity are found on the surface of the red planet and how changes in atmospheric pressure and gravity affect the course of a volcanic eruption. 9) The tug-of-war between Jupiter and its moon Io Volcanic activity on the surface of Io and an explanation of how tidal heating of the body can lead to significant magma production. 10) When volcanoes don't spew lava Can the term volcano be understood in a broader sense? What is cryovolcanism (examples from Enceladus, Europa, Triton, Titan, Ceres...), mud volcanism (examples from Mars and examples of experimental), asphalt volcanism or ferovolcanism. Last update: Tomek Filip, Mgr., Ph.D. (26.06.2024)
|