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Last update: ZUSKOVA (27.01.2003)
This lecture deals with classification, properties and methods of preparation of different types of colloidal system. Attention is paid to methods of their investigation. These system are simultaneously compared with macromolecules. |
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Last update: ZUSKOVA (27.01.2003)
Ščukin, E. D., Percov, A. V., Amelinová, E. A.: Koloidní chemie, Academia, Praha 1990.
Vojuckij, S. S.: Kurs koloidní chemie, SNTL, Praha 1984.
Pouchlý, J., Vavruch I.: Fysikální chemie koloidních soustav, SNTL, Praha 1960.
Shaw, D. J.: Introduction to Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Butterworths, London 1980. |
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Last update: ZUSKOVA (27.01.2003)
Types of dispersion systems: coarse, colloidal, and analytical dispersions; definition of the colloidal dispersion system, natural colloidal systems and their importance; artificially prepared colloidal system.
Classification of colloidal systems according to different criteria; classification according to the state of dispersion phase and dispersion medium; aerosols, lyosols, emulsions, and foams; comparison of colloids and macromolecules.
Physical properties of colloidal system; optical properties: light scattering, Tyndall effect, basic types of scattering, Rayleigh equation; principle of ultramicroscopy; electron microscopy of colloids; use of light scattering for study of colloids and macromolecules.
Molecular-kinetic properties of colloids: Brownian motion, Einstein-Smoluchowski equation; sedimentation of colloids and macromolecules; electrical properties of colloids, electrophoresis, electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of dispersion systems; sedimentation potential.
Surface tension, methods of measurement; Kelvin equation; surface active compounds; interfaces liquid - gas, and liquid - liquid; Fowkes equation.
Gibbs adsorption equation; micelle formation, solubilisation; spreading, monomolecular films; physical states of monomolecular films.
The solid-liquid interface; contact angles, wetting; wetting agents, detergent effect, water repellency; adsorption from solution.
Lyosols, methods of preparation, coagulation, dispergation, peptisation; structure of micelles of lyosols; stability of lyosols, electrical double layer; salting-out, comparison of salting-out effect in colloidal dispersions and solutions of macromolecules; salting-out series of ions.
Aerosols; preparation, removal; electrical properties of aerosols; aerosols in nature.
Types of emulsions, preparation; emulsifying agents and emulsion stability; natural emulsions; breaking of emulsions.
Foams: preparation, foaming agents; foam stability; state equation of a foam bubble; foam drainage; Gibbs-Marangoni effect; investigation of foams. |