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Last update: doc. RNDr. Iva Zusková, CSc. (26.02.2020)
Knowledge from principles of catalysis course and general knowledge of inorganic, organic and physical chemistry is expected. |
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Last update: doc. RNDr. Iva Zusková, CSc. (26.02.2020)
Industrial Catalysis: chemistry and mechanism, Imperial College Press, London, 2016
Chemical Process Technology, Wiley, Chichester, 2001
Heterogeneous Catalysis in Industrial Practice, 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991
Catalysis - An Integrated Approach to Homogeneous, Heterogeneous and Industrial Catalysis, Elsevier, Amsterdam 2000.
Industrial Catalysis - J. Hagen, Wiley-VCH Weinheim 1999. |
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Last update: doc. RNDr. Iva Zusková, CSc. (26.02.2020)
C: for solving tasks from seminars; Ex: multiple choice test in basic knowledge, short discussion on selected topic.
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Last update: doc. RNDr. Iva Zusková, CSc. (26.02.2020)
1. Introduction. Types and important characteristics of industrial catalysts. Homogeneous vs. heterogeneous catalysis. Activity and its descriptors (conversion, space velocity, space–time yield, reaction rate, TOF, TON). Selectivity, shape-selective catalysts, carbon balance. Stability and lifetime of the catalyst. Industrial Catalysts Zeolites, Sulphides, Alumina, Titania, Silica
2. Catalytic reaction engineering. Basic objectives in design of a reactor. Classification of reactors and choice of reactor type. Comparison of batch, tubular, and stirred tank reactors. Material and energy balances. Chemical kinetics and rate equations. Choice of process conditions. 3. Heterogeneous Catalysts Types, Properties, Components of heterogeneous catalyst: active phase, chemical and textural promoters, supports. Modes of catalyst deactivation: thermally induced deactivation, sintering of the catalytic species or carrier, selective/non-selective poisoning. Coke formation and catalyst regeneration. 4. Main large-scale heterogeneously catalyzed processes. Cracking/Hydrocracking; Ammonia synthesis; Synthesis of sulphuric acid; petrochemie; Fluid catalytic cracking. Key features of zeolites. 5. Petrochemistry Catalytic reforming, Isomerizations 6. Steam reforming process: generating hydrogen and synthesis gas. Basic concepts, mechanistic details, challenges. Reactions of synthesis gas: methanol synthesis, Fischer–Tropsch process. Water gas shift reaction. 7. Synthesis of inorganic compounds. Synthesis of ammonia, nitric acid, sulfuric acid: reaction chemistry, process and catalyst design, catalyst deactivation. 8. Fine Chemicals Vitamins Synthesis of fine chemicals. Types of catalysts and reactions. Processes based on aromatic substitution: nitration and halogenation of aromatics, Friedel-Crafts alkylation/acylation, Fischer indole synthesis. Rearrangement reactions (Beckmann, Fries and benzamine, pinacol, terpene rearrangements). Processes based on condensation and reduction/oxidation reactions. 9. Alternative energy sources using catalysis: biomass types, catalytic pyrolysis, platform molecules and their chemistry. CO2 as a feedstock. 10. Environmental Catalysis. Automotive exhaust catalysis: mechanism and kinetics of the reactions, the three-way catalyst. NOx and SOx removal systems: selective catalytic reduction process. Catalytic afterburning of volatile organic compounds. DeNOx DeSOx 11. Macroscopic property-function relationship in catalysis. Characterization of the catalysts. Design of the catalysts: supported and unsupported catalysts. Types of binder and filling materials, forming the final shape of the catalyst (powders, pellets, extrudates, granules, monoliths), methods for incorporating the active material into the support; Active sites 12. Homogeneous Catalysts Types and Properties Homogeneously catalyzed industrial processes: hydroformylation, carbonylation of methanol, selective ethylene oxidation by the Wacker process, cross-coupling reactions, metallocene-based olefin polymerization. Asymmetric catalysis: catalysts, commercial applications in hydrogenation, enantioselective isomerization, epoxidation 13. Enzymes. Biocatalysis in industry: acrylamide from acrylonitrile, aspartame through enzymatic peptide synthesis, L-amino acids by aminoacylase process. |