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The lecture is focused on biochemical pathways specific for plants:
- Photosynthesis (photosystem I and II, synthesis of ATP and NADPH, Calvin cycle, photorespiration, C4 and CAM photosynthesis) - Metabolism of saccharides (synthesis and degradation of starch, saccharose and cell wall polysaccharides, glycolysis, pentose phosphate cycle, citric acid cycle, glyoxylic cycle) - Nitrogen assimilation - Metabolism of nitrogen compounds (amino acids, storage proteins, secondary metabolites) - Assimilation and metabolism of S, P - Metabolism of lipidic compounds (membrane lipids, storage lipids, isoprenoids, sterols) - Regulation of metabolism - Plant response to stress conditions (abiotic, biotic) Last update: Čermáková Michaela, RNDr., Ph.D. (13.06.2014)
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1. Heldt, H.-W., Piechulla, B., Heldt, F.: Plant Biochemistry, Academic Press, 4. vydání (2011) 2. Buchanan, B.B., Gruissem, W. Jones, R.L.: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plants, American Society of Plant Physiologists ed. (2000) Last update: Čermáková Michaela, RNDr., Ph.D. (13.06.2014)
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Oral exam Last update: Čermáková Michaela, RNDr., Ph.D. (13.06.2014)
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1. Plant cell, cell organelles, cell wall 2. Photosynthesis 3. Calvin cycle, C3, C4, and CAM plants 4. Respiration, citric acid cycle, glyoxylate cycle 5. Carbohydrate metabolism 6. Assimilation of nitrogen and biosynthesis of amino acids 7. Metabolism of proteins 8. Assimilation of sulfur and phosphate 9. Metabolism of lipids 10. Secondary metabolites 11. Signalization, regulation 12. Responses to stresses Last update: Čermáková Michaela, RNDr., Ph.D. (13.06.2014)
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The student will describe the structure of a plant cell including organelles, cytoplasm and cell wall and explain their biochemical functions and importance to heterotrophic organisms. The student will describe the light phase of photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments, reaction centers, electron carriers, and the production of ATP and NADPH and their importance to plants. The student will explain photosynthetic CO2 fixation, describe the Calvin cycle, explain the differences between C3, C4, and CAM plants, and explain the process of photorespiration and the oxidative pentose phosphate cycle. The student will describe the process of respiration, the citrate cycle, and the glyoxylate cycle, defining their specifics for plant cells. The student will explain carbohydrate metabolism, especially sucrose and starch synthesis, and identify storage, structural, and transport carbohydrates. The student will illustrate the nitrogen cycle in nature, describe nitrogen assimilation and amino acid synthesis in plants, and explain the biochemical basis of the symbiosis of legumes with rhizobia. The student will identify storage and defense plant proteins, describe the specifics of plant protein synthesis. The student will explain the assimilation of sulfur and phosphate by plants and describe important substances that contain them The student will explain the metabolism and function of plant lipids. The student will describe secondary metabolites and their functions in plant organisms. The student explains signaling mechanisms and describes the structures and functions of phytohormones and sensors. The student will explain plant responses to stress conditions and their adaptive mechanisms. Last update: Hýsková Veronika, RNDr., Ph.D. (16.12.2024)
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