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Course, academic year 2024/2025
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Biochemistry as the theoretical basis of biomedicine - MC250P34
Title: Biochemie jako teoretický základ biomedicíny
Czech title: Biochemie jako teoretický základ biomedicíny
Guaranteed by: Department of Biochemistry (31-250)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2024
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 3
Examination process: summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:2/0, Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Note: enabled for web enrollment
priority enrollment if the course is part of the study plan
Guarantor: prof. RNDr. Markéta Martínková, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): prof. RNDr. Jan Konvalinka, CSc.
prof. RNDr. Markéta Martínková, Ph.D.
Annotation -
Lectures - in Czech -

The first part of the lectures will be devoted to the development of new drugs and treatments. We will focus on the knowledge of intermediate metabolism as a tool for the regulation of pathological processes in the organism. We will also focus on the biochemistry of civilization diseases and the metabolism and biochemical nature of the effect of drugs. Last but not least, emphasis will be placed on understanding the principles of drug design based on intervention in key biochemical processes in the body.

In the second part of the course we will focus on the second part of biomedicine on advances in laboratory diagnosis of pathological conditions, including the methodology and biochemical nature of laboratory tests and examinations.
Last update: Martínková Markéta, prof. RNDr., Ph.D. (30.12.2020)
Literature - Czech

K přednášce není k dispisici ucelený učební text (skripta). Studenti jsou determinováni informacemi, které jim jsou předávány na přednáškách.

 

DOPORČENÁ LITERATURA V PŘÍPADĚ NEÚČASTI NA PŘEDNÁŠKÁCH:

ČAST I - vývoj nových léků a léčebných postupů

- Ondřej Slabý - Molekulární medicína. Galén 2015

- Wen-Hao Li and Yan-Mei Li - Chemical Strategies to Boost Cancer Vaccines, Chemical Reviews 2020, 120, 11420

- Sandeep R.P. Kumar et al - Clinical development of gene therapy: results and lessons from recent successes, Molecular Therapy — Methods & Clinical Development, 2016, 3, 16034

- Luigi Naldini - Genetic engineering of hematopoiesis: current stage of clinical translation and future perspectives, EMBO Molecular Medicine, 2019, 11, e9958

 

ČAST II - laboratorní vyšetření (diagnostika) - metody a biochemické markery patologických stavů

- Martin A. Crook - Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine. CRC Press. 8th ed., 2012

- David White – Clinical chemistry. Garland Science 2017

- Thomas M. Devlin - Textbook of biochemistry with clinical correlations. Kindle Edition. 7th ed., 2015

Last update: Martínková Markéta, prof. RNDr., Ph.D. (30.12.2020)
Requirements to the exam - Czech

Písemný test v rozsahu přednášené látky. Na konci většiny přednášek budou diskutovány modelové otázky z písemného testu. Pro složení zkoužky je třeba být úspěšný v písemné zkoušce alespoň na 60%. V případě výsledku na rozmezí klasifikace nebo těsně kolem 60% úspěšnosti, bude student zkoušen ještě ústně.

K přednášené látce a jejímu pochopení je doporučena znalost obsahu předmětů Biochemie I a Biochemie II.

Last update: Martínková Markéta, prof. RNDr., Ph.D. (30.12.2020)
Syllabus -

PART I - development of new drugs and treatments

1. Cytostatics (treatment of oncological diseases, carcinogenesis)

2. Introduction to immunotherapy (treatment of oncological diseases, allergies and autoimmune diseases)

3. Gene therapy (treatment of genetic diseases, viral and oncological diseases)

4. Influence of diet on health and diseases (essential components of diet, obesity - cardiovascular diseases, ketosis)

5. Development of new drugs (goals of pharmaceutical intervention, three phases of clinical testing) - prof. Konvalinka

6. Antivirals (AIDS drugs, COVID-19, ZIKA, EBOLA…) - prof. Konvalinka

 

PART II - laboratory examination (diagnostics) - methods and biochemical markers of pathological conditions

7. Laboratory diagnostics, tumor markers (carcinogenesis)

8. Cardiomarkers (atherosclerosis)

9. Methods in laboratory tests (including different approaches for virus detection)

10. Reliability of laboratory diagnostics results (diagnostic sensitivity and specificity)

Last update: Martínková Markéta, prof. RNDr., Ph.D. (13.02.2023)
Learning outcomes -

The student discusses the relevance of the biomedical approach to human medicine at two levels, providing examples from both (1) the design of new strategies for therapy (i.e., the area of new drug discoveries and therapeutic development) with a focus on anticancer and antiviral therapy, and (2) the early and reliable diagnosis of pathologies (with a focus on carcinogenesis, viral infection, and cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction).

  • The student summarizes and comments on the process of new drug development, including targets for pharmaceutical intervention and the three phases of clinical testing.
  • The student explains the mechanism of action of cytostatics and their role in cancer treatment and carcinogenesis.
  • The student describes the basic principles of immunotherapy and its application particularly in the treatment of cancer. The student compares the principles of anticancer immunotherapy with immunotherapy of allergies and autoimmune diseases.
  • The student analyzes gene therapy methods and their application in the treatment of genetic, viral, and oncologic diseases.
  • The student evaluates the impact of diet on human health, focusing on the association between obesity and cardiovascular disease. The student discusses various weight reduction strategies and the need to maintain the essential components of the diet.
  • The student discusses the mechanism and efficacy of antiviral drugs in the treatment of infections such as HIV, HBV, HCV, Influenza, COVID-19, Zika, and EBOLA.
  • The student describes biochemical testing in oncology and critically evaluates the relevance of tumor markers to clinical and biochemical practice.
  • The student discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various cardiac markers and their role in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The student applies knowledge of the nature of atherosclerosis to explain the development of myocardial infarction.
  • The student discusses the use of various laboratory methods in clinical biochemistry, including approaches for virus detection. The student names representatives of separation and analytical methods. The student distinguishes the nature and principle of various methods used in clinical practice especially chromatographic, optical, electrochemical, molecular biology, and immunochemical methods.
  • The student analyzes the reliability and variability of laboratory test results, and particularly the preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical influences on the reliability of laboratory tests.
Last update: Martínková Markéta, prof. RNDr., Ph.D. (30.12.2024)
 
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