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The course aims to explain the biochemical processes leading to the development of cancer diseases, their treatment, and prevention. The course is a lecture useful for chemists and especially for biochemists. At first, essential information on cancer as a disease is given (tumors, their classification, and characterization), on cancer development, factors inducing and influencing the processes of carcinogenesis. The mechanism of basic phases of carcinogenic processes/initiation, promotion, progression is explained. Data on metastasis processes are also given. Three phases of carcinogenesis are shown in detail (initiation developed from factors causing the DNA damage, promotional phase - increased proliferation, mechanism of the effects of radicals and the active forms of oxygen, enzymes participating in imitational and promotional phases of carcinogenesis, the function of protein kinase C). The progression phase of carcinogenesis is shown as the phase involving the additional, final, modification of DNA. The role of endogenous and exogenous carcinogens and enzymes participating in this phase of carcinogenesis is underlined. The target of the course is also to explain the organ specificity of carcinogens and repair systems for DNA lesions. The final parts of the course are aimed at explanation of principles of cancer treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, surgery), in detail are classified anticancer drugs and their mechanism of action (antimetabolites, intercalators, drug alkylating/arylating DNA, mitotic drugs, hormone derivatives, inhibitors of hormone synthesis, inhibitors of topoisomerases, inhibitors of protein synthesis). The significance of epidemiology cancer prevention is underlined.
Lectures - in Czech - Last update: Souček Pavel, prof. RNDr., CSc. (16.02.2022)
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U všech prezentovaných informací jsou uvedeny původní zdroje. Na konci každé prezentace je seznam doporučené literatury. Výběr zásadních, nikoliv jediných, zdrojů ke studiu oboru: Bray et al. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:394–424. Loomans-Kropp & Umar Precision Oncol. 2019;3:3. Dekker et al. Lancet 2019; 394: 1467–80. Klener a kol., Základy klinické onkologie, Galén, 2012. Hanahan & Weinberg Cell 2000;100:57-70 a Cell 2011;144:646-674. Vogelstein et al Science 2013;29;339:1546-58. Rendic & Guengerich. Arch Toxicol 2021;95:395-472. Fletcher et al. Nat Rev Cancer 2010;10:147-56. Klaassen & Aleksunes Pharmacol Rev 2010;62:1-96. Schieber & Chandel Curr Biol 2014;24:R453-62. Jones & Sies Antioxid. Redox Signal. 2015;23, 734–746. Sies: Redox Biol 2021;41:101867. Kay et al. DNA Repair. 2019;83:102673. Yun et al. Mass Spectrom Rev 2019;39:55-82. Ames et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1973;70:782-6. White et al., Mutat Res/Genet Toxicol Environ Mutag 2019;847:403039. Citrin. N Engl J Med 2017; 377:1065-1075. Last update: Souček Pavel, prof. RNDr., CSc. (16.02.2022)
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Písemný test v rozsahu přednášené látky. Last update: Souček Pavel, prof. RNDr., CSc. (16.02.2022)
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1. Cancer epidemiology, and prevention of cancer. 2. The mechanism of basic phases of carcinogenic processes - initiation, promotion, and progression. 3. Biotransformation in carcinogenesis (activation of carcinogens, ultimate carcinogens, DNA modification, enzymes participating in initiation of carcinogenesis). 4. Oxidative stress, DNA adducts, and DNA repair. 5. Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity testing (principles and limitations). 6. Principles of cancer treatment and mechanisms of action of anticancer drugs. Last update: Souček Pavel, prof. RNDr., CSc. (16.02.2022)
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