Subjects

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Introduction to advanced biochemistry - MC250P02

Title:	Úvod do pokročilé biochemie
Czech title:	Úvod do pokročilé biochemie
Guaranteed by:	Department of Biochemistry (31-250)
Faculty:	Faculty of Science
Actual:	from 2024
Semester:	winter
E-Credits:	3
Examination process:	winter s.:
Hours per week, examination:	winter s.:2/1, C+Ex [HT]
Capacity:	unlimited
Min. number of students:	unlimited
4EU+:	no
Virtual mobility / capacity:	no
State of the course:	taught
Language:	Czech
Note:	enabled for web enrollment priority enrollment if the course is part of the study plan

Guarantor:	prof. RNDr. Helena Ryšlavá, CSc.
Teacher(s):	prof. RNDr. Jiří Hudeček, CSc.

Opinion survey results Examination dates WS schedule

Annotation -

The course aims at the consolidation of biochemical knowledge of the students to the extent of allowing the smooth study of the specialized and advanced biochemical lectures. Additionally, its seminar part is based on independent work with literature and Internet-based informational services. The students have to prepare short presentations on given themes.
Lectures and presentations - in Czech -

Last update: Hudeček Jiří, prof. RNDr., CSc. (03.10.2022)

Literature -

Kodíček, M. , Valentová O., Hynek R.: Biochemie, VŠCHT Praha 2015

Nelson, DL, Cox, MM: Lehningers Principles of Biochemistry, 7th Ed. WH Freeman , N. York, 2017

Last update: Hudeček Jiří, prof. RNDr., CSc. (03.10.2022)

Requirements to the exam -

Credit: seminar presentation on the given theme., participation in seminars (80% or more).

Exam: in the written form. Response to questions, of the "miniessay" character. The answers are evaluated both according to the content (completness, absence of errors) and to the formal quality (logic of presentation).

Broader themes:
Living matter, its characteristics, compartmentation, trophic.
Biopolymer structure, basic concepts, hierarchy, comparison of structural types, relationships to biological function.
Proteins, structural types, stability and denaturation, physicochemical properties.
Enzymesy and biocatalysis, classification and nomenclature, inhibition, influece of external factors, analytics and diagnostics.
Metabolism, general principles, reversibility an dregulation, nutrients and their fate in organisms, bioenergetics, importance of oxygen, macroergic compounds.
Mitochondria and respiration, TCA, ATP formation, ROS.
SaCcharides and their metabolism, glycolysis, fermantation, polysaccharides.
Lipids amd their metabolism, structure. importance as energetic reserve.
Metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds, amino acids, amines, ornithine cycle, detoxication of ammonia, purines and pyrimidines, heme.
Nukleic acids, transfer of genetic information, RNA, DNA types and structures, genetic code, replication, transcription, translation, posttranslational modifications.

Last update: Hudeček Jiří, prof. RNDr., CSc. (03.10.2022)

Zápočet: přednesení zadané prezentace v odpovídající kvalitě., alespoň 80% účast na cvičeních.
Zkouška: písemná. Odpověď na zadané otázky (problémové otázky, odpovědi - charakter "minieseje", informovaného zamyšlení nad zadaným problémem.) Hodnotí se jak věcná správnost a úplnost odpovědí, tak jejich formální kvalita (logika a uspořádanost výkladu).

Okruhy ke zkoušce

Živá hmota
(charakteristiky života z hlediska biochemie, složení živé hmoty, role vody, trofika, buňka, význam kompartmentace, biologické membrány)

Biopolymery
(obecné zákonitosti stavby, hierarchie struktury, srovnání jednotlivých typů biopolymerů z hlediska struktury, fyz-chem. vlastností, biochemické funkce)

Proteiny
(aminokyseliny, strukturní typy proteinů, struktura primární, sekundární, terciární a kvartérní, stabilita a denaturace, fyzikálně-chemické vlastnosti, složené proteiny)

Enzymy a biokatalýza
(klasifikace enzymů, jejich aktivita, ovlivnění aktivity vnějšími faktory, inhibice, měřeni aktivity a specifické aktivity enzymů, jejich využití v analytice a diagnostice, alosterie)

Metabolismus
(obecné zákonitosti metabolismu, reverzibilita a regulace, koloběh energie v biosféře a fotosyntéza, metabolismus heterotrofních organismů a člověka - živiny a jejich osud, bioenergetika a integrace metabolických dějů, význam kyslíku, makroergické sloučeniny, sekundární metabolity)

Mitochondrie a buněčná respirace
(citrátový cyklus, dýchací řetězec, tvorba ATP, reaktivní formy kyslíku, přenos kyslíku do tkání)

Sacharidy a jejich metabolismus
(sacharidy jako zdroj energie v potravě, polysacharidy, glykolýza, kvasné pochody)

Lipidy a jejich metabolismus

(struktura lipidů, význam tuků jako zásobních látek, odbourávání a biosyntéza mastných kyselin a triacylglyceridů)

Metabolismus dusíkatých látek
(biosyntéza a odbourávání aminokyselin, aminy, močovinový cyklus, purinové a pyrimidinové báze, hem)

Nukleové kyseliny a přenos genetické informace
(struktura RNA a DNA, genetický kód, replikace, transkripce, translace, postranslační modifikace proteinů, mechanismy mutací v DNA)

Last update: Hudeček Jiří, prof. RNDr., CSc. (26.09.2024)

Syllabus -

Living matter: general characteristics of life, composition, trophic, cell, the importance of compartmentation, biological membranes.

Biopolymers: general principles of structure, the hierarchy of structures, comparison of individual types, physicochemical properties, biochemical functions, structure-activity relationships.

Proteins: structural types, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures, stability and denaturation, physicochemical properties, composite proteins.

Peptides.

Enzymes and biocatalysis: catalysts, classification of enzymes, activity, its influence by external factors, inhibition, measurement of enzyme activity, use in analytics and diagnostics.

Metabolism: general patterns, reversibility and regulation, energy cycle in the biosphere, photosynthesis, metabolism of heterotrophic organisms and man - nutrients and their fate, integration of metabolic processes, the importance of oxygen, macroergic compounds, secondary metabolites.

Mitochondria and cellular respiration: citrate cycle, respiratory chain, ATP formation, reactive oxygen species, alternative ways of nutrient utilization.

Carbohydrates and their metabolism: carbohydrates as a source of energy in food, polysaccharides - cellulose, starch, glycogen, glycolysis, fermentation processes.

Lipids and their metabolism: lipid structure, the importance of fats as storage substances, degradation and biosynthesis. Nitrogen metabolism: amino acids, amines, urea cycle, purine and pyrimidine bases, haem.

Nucleic acids and transfer of genetic information: structure of RNA and DNA, genetic code, replication, transcription, translation, protein folding and chaperones, post-translational modification of proteins.

Last update: Hudeček Jiří, prof. RNDr., CSc. (23.10.2019)