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The lecture is intended for students of the first year of postgraduate studies in the field of clinical and toxicological analysis (and possibly also for other interested students). The main aim is to provide an introduction to toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetics, including a review and deepening of the basic knowledge required in general toxicology and physical chemistry. The basic toxicokinetic processes related to the availability of the active chemical to the body are discussed. The basic concepts of toxicokinetics, the one- and two-compartment models used, and kinetic physiological simulation models are laid out. The necessary model calculations and their application are discussed in the seminars.
Last update: Nesměrák Karel, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (14.02.2025)
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Curry S.H., Welpton R .: Drug Disposition and Pharmacokinetics. From Principles to Applications. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. Last update: Nesměrák Karel, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (14.02.2025)
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The course-unit credit is awarded on the basis of a successfully written test focused on calculations (minimum limit is 65% of possible points). The exam takes oral form after obtaining the credit. Everything that has been recited is tested.
Last update: Nesměrák Karel, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (14.02.2025)
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1. Terminology, terms and definitions. Knowledge of basic and general toxicilogy and chemical laws is necessary.
2. Bioavailability - toxicokinetic processes: absorption, transport, distribution, biotransformation, elimination; site of action.
3. Relationships between magnitude of a biological effect and concentration/dose (dose /concentration - response curves) and time. Relationships between chemical structure and biological activity.
4. Compartmental modelling and its use for quantitative evaluation of an exposure (clearance, area under curve, etc.)One- and two-compartmental models, calculation of kinetic parameters. Kinetics of the first and the zeroth order. Simulation of various routes of application.
5. Physiologically-based kinetic models. Simulation of physiological parameters of organisms and of physicochemical properties of an active chemical.
6. Mutual extrapolation of data obtained with various biological objects, extrapolation of data obtained with various routes of exposure, interupted exposure included.
7. Hazard and risk. Quantitative assessment of risk of exposure to chemicals: hazard identification, exposure measurement, dose(concentration )-response curve establishment, characterization of population exposed.Influence of the exposure to chemicals on environmental and human health. Last update: SUCHAN (20.04.2005)
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