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Speciation Analysis and Generation of Volatile Compounds - MC230P42
Title: Speciační analýza a generování těkavých sloučenin
Guaranteed by: Department of Analytical Chemistry (31-230)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2015
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 2
Examination process: summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:1/0, Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: cancelled
Language: Czech
Note: enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: prof. RNDr. Jiří Dědina, CSc., DSc.
Is incompatible with: MC230P77, MC230P76
Opinion survey results   Examination dates   Schedule   
Annotation -
Last update: SUCHAN (11.03.2004)
The definition of speciation analysis. Fundamental approaches to speciation analysis by analytical atomic spectrometry. Generation of volatile compounds for trace and ultratrace element analysis: fundamentals and the most important aspects. Detailed treatment of generation of volatile hydrides of IV, V and VI main group of the periodic system. Other volatile compounds useful for analytical atomic spectrometry. Recent progress in the field of the generation of volatile forms of transition and noble metals. Perspective approaches to the speciation analysis based on the generation of volatile compounds - detailed treatment.
Literature - Czech
Last update: doc. RNDr. Karel Nesměrák, Ph.D. (16.05.2012)

• Hyphenated Techniques in Speciation Analysis. R. Lobinski, J. Szpunar, R.M. Smith (Eds.) Royal Society of Chemistry, 2003.

• Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. B. Welz, M. Sperling, M. Resano (Eds.) Wiley, 2008.

Requirements to the exam - Czech
Last update: prof. RNDr. Jiří Dědina, CSc., DSc. (05.12.2011)

Požadavky ke kontrole studia: zkouší se to, co bylo odpřednášeno a současně je v pdf prezentacích, které co studenti dostávají. Zkouška probíhá ústně.

Syllabus -
Last update: SUCHAN (20.04.2005)

Syllabus

1. What is speciation analysis

  • definition according to IUPAC
  • speciation and fractionation
  • accuracy and traceability
  • sample preparation and storage

2. Basic approaches to speciation analysis by analytical atomic spectrometry

  • separation methods
  • detectors

3. Hydride generation

  • sample preparation
  • release of hydride from liquid phase
  • transport of hydride released
  • flow methods of hydride generation
  • gas-liquid separators: hydrostatic, with a forced outlet, membrane separators, spray chambers of flame and ICP torches
  • batch generation
  • cryotrapping
  • electrochemical hydride generation

4. Generation of alkyl substituted hydrides

5. Hydride atomization for atomic absorption (AAS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS)

  • diffusion flame
  • graphite furnaces
  • quartz tube atomizers
  • influence of experimental parameters on atomization in quartz atomizers: oxygen supply, total gas flow rate, temperature, atomizer dimensions, surface quality
  • new approach to atomization in quartz tubes: multiatomizer and flame-in-gas shield atomizer

6. Interferences

  • influence of interferences on the signal shape
  • interferences during sample preparation
  • interferences to hydride generation and their control
  • transport interferences
  • atomization interferences

7. General assessment of hydride generation and atomization methods

  • accuracy
  • sensitivity
  • limits of detection
  • laboriousness
  • investments

8. Applications of hydride generation for AAS, AFS, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and ICP MS

9. Generation of other volatile forms

  • ethyl derivatives: formation, release from liquid phase and transport, methods of generation
  • carbonyls
  • volatile chlorides and oxides
  • cold vapor generation of mercury and cadmium

10. Generation of volatile forms of transition and noble metals

11. Speciation analysis by volatile compound generation

  • inorganic speciation
  • generation of substituted hydrides - cryofocusing
  • post-separation hydride generation
  • post-separation generation of other volatile forms

12. Applications of speciation analysis by volatile compound generation

  • speciations in environmental samples: Hg, Sn, As
  • speciations in foods: Se, As, Sn, Hg

 
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