SubjectsSubjects(version: 978)
Course, academic year 2025/2026
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Ecology of Birds - MB162P09
Title: Ecology of Birds
Czech title: Ekologie ptáků
Guaranteed by: Department of Ecology (31-162)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2015
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 3
Examination process: summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:2/0, C+Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: 5
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: English
Level: specialized
Note: enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: doc. RNDr. David Hořák, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): prof. Mgr. Tomáš Albrecht, Ph.D.
doc. RNDr. David Hořák, Ph.D.
Mgr. Štěpán Janeček, Ph.D.
RNDr. Ondřej Sedláček, Ph.D.
Annotation -
The aim of the course is to familiarise students with main aspects of avian ecology and related methodical approaches. The course is an introduction to the field and thus covers wide spectrum of topics: e.g. breeding biology, migration, population dynamics, organisation of bird communities and biogeography. Particular issues are discussed in light of respective life histories which are compared at higher taxonomical levels. The purpose of the course is to demonstrate the importance of birds as model organisms for testing general hypotheses in evolutionary ecology, behavioural ecology and population ecology.
Last update: Sacherová Veronika, RNDr., Ph.D. (08.10.2014)
Literature -

Bennett, P. & Owens, I. 2002: Evolutionary Ecology of Birds: Life Histories, Mating Systems, and Extinction. Oxford University Press, USA.
Gaston, K. J. & Blackburn, T. M. 2000: Pattern and process in macroecology. Blackwell, Scientific Publishers, Oxford.
Newton, I. 2003: The Speciation and Biogeography of Birds. Academic Press, London.
Stearns, S. C. 1992: The Evolution of Life Histories. Oxford University Press, USA
Sutherland W. J. 1996: From Individual Behaviour to Population Ecology. Oxford University Press, USA
Wiens, J. A. 1989: Ecology of bird communities. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Last update: Hořák David, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (29.10.2019)
Requirements to the exam -

Essay and oral exam.

Last update: Hořák David, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (29.10.2019)
Syllabus -

Diversity of the Avian World

Interspecific variability in bird morphology and its adaptive significance, dietary specialization, Darwin’s finches, allometry, diversity of flight abilities, diversity of reproductive strategies, different nest placement methods and nest types

Life-History Strategies

Oviparity, fitness maximization, current vs. lifetime reproductive success, slow–fast continuum, genotype vs. phenotype, reaction norms, interspecific vs. intraspecific variability in life-history strategies, income vs. capital breeders, egg size, optimal clutch size, number of breeding attempts, precocial and altricial birds, mortality

Brood Parasitism

Origin and evolution, non-adaptive explanations, spatiotemporal availability of nests, obligate vs. facultative, intra- and interspecific parasitism, parasitic strategies, host defense, egg recognition, effect on optimal clutch size, role of kin selection, importance of parasitism in sympatric speciation

Predation

Types of predators, predation strategies, search image, predation on adults vs. predation on offspring, anti-predator strategies, crypsis, risk-taking, vigilance, spatiotemporal distribution, mobbing, ecological trap, importance of predation in population regulation

Sexual Selection

Female choice, role of parasites in sexual selection, Hamilton–Zuk hypothesis, MHC, fluctuating asymmetry, good genes vs. genetic compatibility hypothesis, handicap hypothesis, morphological ornaments, song, sexual dimorphism, assortative mating, extended phenotype

Social Systems

Monogamy, polygamy, EPC (extra-pair copulations), lek mating system, helping behavior, coloniality, altruism, parental care, kleptoparasitism, social hierarchy

Migration

Origin, advantages and disadvantages, research methods, migratory systems, types of bird movements, proximate and ultimate factors influencing migratory behavior, morphological adaptations, orientation and navigation, arrivals and departures, importance of stopover sites, wintering grounds, epi-area and eu-area, role of migration in speciation

Interspecific Interactions and Competition

Hutchinson’s rule, competitive exclusion principle, intraspecific and interspecific competition, aggression, territorial significance of song, territory vs. home range, heterospecific and conspecific attraction, importance of interspecific interactions in habitat selection

Population Dynamics

Changes in abundance in space, abundance of large vs. small species, ideal free vs. despotic distribution of individuals, metapopulations, habitat selection, density dependence, Taylor’s power law, short-term changes in abundance, long-term trends, population cycles

Biogeography

Determinants of range boundaries, abundance gradients within ranges, range shifts, global distribution of ranges, range inheritance, allopatric speciation, adaptive radiation, phylogeography

Community Composition and Diversity

Definition of a bird community, trophic guilds and functional groups, invasive species, local and regional diversity (effects of area size, habitat heterogeneity, available energy, and species pool), species turnover in space, changes in diversity in ecological and evolutionary time, threats to biodiversity

Last update: Hořák David, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (28.01.2026)
Learning outcomes

KNOWLEDGE

After successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

  1. Describe the major patterns of avian diversity, morphology, and functional adaptations in relation to ecological niches.

  2. Explain key concepts of life-history theory, reproductive strategies, and population regulation in birds.

  3. Understand evolutionary and ecological mechanisms underlying brood parasitism, sexual selection, and social systems.

  4. Summarize the ecological and physiological foundations of bird migration, including orientation, navigation, and migratory systems.

  5. Explain principles of avian population dynamics, biogeography, and community ecology, including species distributions and diversity patterns.

SKILLS

After successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

  1. Interpret empirical data and case studies related to avian ecology, behaviour, and evolution.

  2. Compare life-history strategies and ecological traits across bird taxa using comparative and macroecological approaches.

  3. Analyze ecological patterns such as population trends, species distributions, and community composition.

  4. Critically evaluate scientific literature addressing hypotheses in evolutionary, behavioural, and population ecology using birds as model organisms.

  5. Apply theoretical concepts to explain observed patterns in avian ecology and conservation-related contexts.

COMPETENCES

After successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

  1. Integrate ecological, evolutionary, and behavioural perspectives to understand complex avian systems.

  2. Use birds as model organisms to test and interpret general hypotheses in ecology and evolution.

  3. Synthesize information across spatial and temporal scales, from individual behaviour to population and community processes.

  4. Communicate scientific arguments related to avian ecology clearly and logically in oral and written form.

  5. Demonstrate independent and critical thinking when addressing ecological questions and conservation challenges involving bird populations.

Last update: Hořák David, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (28.01.2026)
 
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