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Medical Virology and Viral Pathogenesis is an advanced level virology course that focuses on various aspects of viral infection, virus spread, host response to viral infections, latency and persistency. This course is oriented primarily to the needs of biology and biomedical students at the upper undergraduate and advanced academic degrees (Master and Ph.D. candidates) who wish to expand their knowledge in human virology beyond the basic microbiology level (which is required). Students will have the opportunity to learn the most recent state of knowledge on various aspects of human virology. Proposed course places particular emphasis on viruses which cause disease in humans. During the period of anti-epidemic measures, the lectures will be given online via the Google-Meet communication platform at the time indicated in the schedule.
Last update: Hirsch Ivan, prof. RNDr., CSc. (16.10.2020)
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Research and review papers available online Last update: Rubešová Jana, RNDr., Ph.D. (08.06.2022)
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The students' performance will be graded as satisfactory/unsatisfactory on the basis of constructive participation in the seminars (paper presentation) and in-class discussions. Two-page home-prepared essay on selected subject will be discussed during the final oral evaluation. This is a thematic oriented class with contributions expected from each student. Lectures will follow up with assigned papers to be discussed by the students in the class. The students are responsible for reviewing the papers and presenting the contents of the paper for general round-table discussion. Last update: Hirsch Ivan, prof. RNDr., CSc. (16.10.2020)
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Mechanisms of viral restriction and adaptation during acute, persistent, chronic and latent infection 1. Types of infection (acute, persistent, chronic, slow), restriction / innate and natural immunity; interferon(s) - cytokines 2. Acute infections: influenza virus, restriction and adaptation 3. HIV persistence and latency 4. Persistent and latent phase of infection by other retroviruses 5. Million years taking persistence of retroviruses: endogenous retroviruses 6. Persistent and latent infection: active and passive role of the virus (herpesviruses and retroviruses) 7. Chronic type of infection, LCMV and HBV 8. Virus restriction during and after virus entry into the cell - restriction factors 9. Zoonoses, viral receptors and adaptation 10. Vaccines (KT) + students presentations 11. Control of virus infection in the host population 12. Students‘ round table discussion (viral tropism) Last update: Hirsch Ivan, prof. RNDr., CSc. (15.10.2020)
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Upon successful completion of the course, the student: - Defines the basic types of viral infections (acute, persistent, chronic, and latent) and distinguishes their biological characteristics and fundamental pathogenic effects. - Lists the principal mechanisms of viral restriction in host cells and identifies the roles of innate immunity, interferons, restriction factors, and cytokines in the antiviral response. - Describes, using selected examples, the course of acute viral infection and provides examples of viral adaptation to host restriction mechanisms. - Explains the principles of HIV persistence and latency and interprets their significance for the long-term course of infection; compares, using examples of other retroviruses, different mechanisms of viral persistence. - Describes the origin and biological significance of endogenous retroviruses and explains the relationships between long-term viral persistence and the evolution of the host genome. - Analyzes the causes and consequences of active and passive viral roles in persistent and latent infections, particularly in herpesviruses, retroviruses, and viruses causing human hepatitis. - Categorizes and classifies restriction factors acting during viral entry into the cell and after entry, and explains their mechanisms of action. - Explains the principles of zoonotic viral transmission and interprets the significance of viral adaptation during host switching. - Arranges the key steps of viral infection into logical sequences, from viral entry into the cell to the regulation of infection at the host population level. - Actively participates in expert-level discussion during presentations of assigned topics and applies acquired knowledge in the preparation of a virology-focused essay, in which the student interprets key findings and evaluates the impact of viral infections on pathogenesis in the host organism. Last update: Trejbalová Kateřina, Mgr., Ph.D. (14.01.2026)
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