SubjectsSubjects(version: 978)
Course, academic year 2025/2026
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Course on general genetics - MB140C15
Title: Praktikum z genetiky
Czech title: Praktikum z genetiky
Guaranteed by: Department of Genetics and Microbiology (31-140)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2025
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 3
Examination process: summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:0/1, C [TS]
Capacity: 200
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Level: basic
Explanation: turnusové praktikum
Note: enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: doc. RNDr. Dana Holá, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): Mgr. Martin Forman
doc. RNDr. Dana Holá, Ph.D.
RNDr. Hana Marková, Ph.D.
RNDr. Olga Rothová, Ph.D.
Annotation -
The course is aimed at the practical application of principles of general genetics. Students will test their knowledge of these principles on examples from plant, animal and human genetics. The course covers e.g. various kinds of intra- and interallelic interactions important for genetic determination of plant and animal pigmentation; abnormalities in genetic sex-determination; inheritance of important human diseases; the calculation of the coefficient of inbreeding, etc. Students which want to attend this course should previously go through at least one of the basic genetics lectures.
Last update: Holá Dana, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (29.07.2022)
Literature -

There is no specific textbook for this course. All necessary instructions will be given directly during the course.

Additional references containing collections of problems in various genetics topics:

Snustad D.P., Simmons M.L.: Principles of Genetics. Wiley (and companion items).
Klug W.S. et al.: Concepts of Genetics. Pearson Education, Inc. (and companion items).
Russell P.J.: iGenetics. A Mendelian Approach. Benjamin Cummings (and companion items).
Griffiths A.J.F. et al.: Introduction to Genetic Analysis. W.H. Freeman and Company (and companion items).
Nussbaum R. et al.: Thompson & Thompson Genetics in Medicine. Elsevier.

Last update: Holá Dana, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (29.07.2022)
Requirements to the exam -

For successfull passing the course and obtaining the credits students have to ACTIVELY participate in the discussion of the presented genetic topics, show the ability of logical reasoning necessary for solving selected genetic problems and fully participate in the practical cytogenetics part of the course.

Last update: Holá Dana, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (20.08.2025)
Syllabus -

Please note, the course is given in Czech language only.

During the course, students will solve various complex problems from plant, animal and human genetics (genetics of flower or seed pigmentation, genetics of animal coat colour, genetic diseases in humans, calculation of the degree of inbreeding/consanguinity, and will undergo basic training in cytogenetical methods. They will learn to practise their theoretical knowlege on the following genetic terms and rules:

1. Intra- and intergenic interactions (complete and incomplete dominance, codominance, lethality, decreased vitality, multiple allelism, complex loci, epistasis, complementarity, reciprocal interaction, etc.).

2. Sex-linked inheritance (sex-linked traits, sex chromosomes, inactivation of X chromosome in mammals, abnormal combinations of sex chromosomes).

3. Specific genotype-phenotype relationships (penetrance, variable expressivity, pleiotropy, genocopy, phenocopy)

4. Gene linkage and genetic mapping (determination of linkage phase, size and position of loci on chromosomes).

5. Human genetics and counselling (genealogical analysis, risk of inheriting of genetic diseases, autosomal/gonosomal/mitochondrial dominant/recessive diseases in humans).

6. Population genetics (Hardy-Weinberg law, changes in allelic and genotype frequencies of populations, inbreeding).

7. Cytogenetics (structure of chromosomes, mitosis, meiosis).




Last update: Holá Dana, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (29.07.2022)
Learning outcomes -

After successful completion of the course, the student:

  • applies general genetic principles to the solution of complex problems in plant, animal, and human genetics and interprets the obtained results in a biological context;
  • analyzes and distinguishes allelic and non-allelic gene interactions and allele properties (e.g., complete and incomplete dominance, codominance, lethality, multiple allelism, epistasis, complementation), and provides examples of their effects on phenotype;
  • performs genetic analyses based on crosses, derives possible parental and offspring genotypes, and evaluates segregation ratios in model examples of inherited traits in plants and animals;
  • applies and interprets basic statistical tests used in genetics (in particular, the chi-square goodness-of-fit test) when testing genetic hypotheses;
  • distinguishes and explains sex-linked inheritance, including complete and incomplete sex linkage, sex chromosome abnormalities, and their consequences for phenotype;
  • applies basic principles of gene linkage and recombination mapping, determines the linkage phase of loci, and estimates their relative distances on chromosomes;
  • analyzes relationships between genotype and phenotype, including the concepts of penetrance, variable expressivity, pleiotropy, genocopy, and phenocopy;
  • analyzes and interprets pedigrees of selected serious human diseases and developmental defects, determines the mode of inheritance, and derives the probability of risk to offspring;
  • calculates and evaluates coefficients of relatedness and inbreeding in complex pedigrees and assesses their genetic consequences;
  • explains and applies basic principles of genetic prognosis and genetic counseling in model cases;
  • identifies, describes, and interprets the main phases of mitosis and meiosis and recognizes less common cytogenetic structures;
  • prepares and examines cytogenetic preparations and interprets microscopic findings in relation to genetic mechanisms;
  • evaluates the limitations and potential pitfalls of genetic analysis in real biological situations and justifies the correctness of the chosen problem-solving approach.
Last update: Holá Dana, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (15.12.2025)
 
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