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Course, academic year 2024/2025
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Physical Chemistry - GB116
Title: Fyzikální chemie
Guaranteed by: Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry (16-16110)
Faculty: Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
Actual: from 2023
Semester: summer
Points: 0
E-Credits: 6
Examination process: summer s.:written
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:9/14, C+Ex [HS]
Capacity: unlimited / unlimited (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Teaching methods: combined
Level:  
Explanation: (ZB, komb.1.r.)
Note: deregister from the exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled
course can be enrolled in outside the study plan
enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: Mgr. Jana Pavlíková Přecechtělová, Ph.D.
Classification: Pharmacy >
Co-requisite : GB106
Annotation -
Physical chemistry is a multidisciplinary subject employing the knowledge of physics, chemistry, electrochemistry and quantum mechanics for the description of substances on both the molecular and the macroscopic level. This subject provides a necessary theoretical basis and enables students to acquire knowledge of principles of physical-chemical methods of measurement. This subject affords a fundamental knowledge necessary in study of follow-up subjects from the area of natural sciences as well as pharmaceutical disciplines. Topics: Introduction to the subject, Intermolecular forces and states of matter, Physico-chemical properties of substances, photochemistry, Thermodynamics, Chemical equilibrium, Phase equilibrium, Reaction kinetics, Electrochemistry, Colloidal systems.
Last update: Pavlíková Přecechtělová Jana, Mgr., Ph.D. (18.02.2024)
Course completion requirements - Czech

Podmínkou udělení zápočtu je minimálně 50% účast na seminářích.

Last update: Pavlíková Přecechtělová Jana, Mgr., Ph.D. (18.02.2024)
Literature - Czech

Povinná:

  • Kubíček, Vladimír. Výpočty z fyzikální chemie I. Praha: Karolinum, 2010, 71 s. ISBN 978-80-246-1806-7.
  • Lázníčková, Alice, Kubíček, Vladimír. Základy fyzikální chemie: vybrané kapitoly pro posluchače Farmaceutické fakulty. Praha: Karolinum, 2014, 168 s. ISBN 978-80-246-2791-5.

Last update: prepocet_literatura.php (19.09.2024)
Syllabus -

Introduction to the subject

  • A content of physical chemistry and its relation to pharmaceutical disciplines.

Physico-chemical properties of substances, photochemistry

  • Polarity of substances, dipole moment, relative permitivity,

  • absorption of electromagnetic radiation, Lamber-Beer´s law,

  • atomic absorption and emission spectra

  • light absorption by molecules in UV, VIS and IR region,

  • molecular emission spectra (Raman phenomenon, fluorescence and phosphorescence)

  • photochemical reactions.

Thermodynamics

  • 1st law of thermodynamics, internal energy and enthalpy, standard state, thermochemistry, reaction heats, thermochemical laws, standard heats of formation and combustion, dependence of the reaction heat on temperature

  • 2nd law of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, entropy, Helmholtz and Gibbs energies, chemical potential, conception of absolute entropy

  • 3rd law of thermodynamics.

Chemical equilibrium

  • Equilibrium constant, equilibrium degree of conversion and its control by reaction conditions, LeChatelier principle

  • standard change of Gibbs energy during a reaction, temperature dependence of equilibrium constant.

Phase equilibrium

  • Gibbs phase rule, types of systems

  • one component equilibrium, Clapeyron and Clausius-Clapeyron equations

  • two component systems, Henry´s law, sparingly miscible liquids

  • solubility of solid substances, system solid substance - solvent, melts

  • Raoult´s law and its application, cryoscopy and ebullioscopy, osmotic pressure

  • three component systems, Nernst distribution law, extraction

  • ternary diagram, system of three liquids

  • interfacial phenomena, principles of chromatography

  • basic methodology of thermal analysis.

Reaction kinetics

  • reaction rate, molecularity, mechanisms and order of a reaction,

  • simplex reactions, reactions of 0th, 1st, 2nd and n-th order of reaction, rate constant, reaction half-life, determination of an order of reaction

  • effect of temperature and other factors on reaction rate

  • kinetics of simultaneous reactions

  • heterogeneous reaction, catalysis

Electrochemistry

  • equilibria electrolyte solutions, characteristics of electrolytes, degree of dissociation

  • Arrhenius classical theory

  • activity, activity coefficient, ionic strength, Debye-Hückel equations for activity coefficients

  • dissociation of water, pH in aqueous and non-aqueous media, theories of acids and bases

  • dissociation of weak acids and bases, calculation of their pH, Ostwald´s law

  • buffers, mechanism of their action, Henderson-Hasselbalch equations, buffer capacity

  • hydrolysis of salts, hydrolytic constant and calculation of pH of salt solutions

  • amphoteric electrolytes, isoelectric point

  • acid-base indicators

  • solubility of precipitates, solubility product

  • transport processes electrolyte solutions, conductivity of electrolytes, Kohlrausch law, Arrhenius relation,

  • electrode potential metal/metal-ion system, oxidation-reduction potential, types of electrodes,

  • galvanic cells, measurement of EMV, junction potential, physiologic potential

  • electrolysis, Faraday´s laws, polarization, principle of classical polarography and related voltametric methods.

Colloidal systems

  • Classification of dispersed systems

  • lyophilic, lyophobic and associating colloids

  • optical, kinetic and electrical properties of colloids

  • suspensions, liquid surfaces, surface and interface tension, sedimentation

  • emulsions, types of emulsions, surface and interfacial tension,

  • adsorption at liquid interfaces, surface-active substances, hydrophile-lipophile balance,

  • electric double layer, Nernst and zeta potential, influence of electrolytes.

 

Seminars, solution of model problems

  • Concentration of solutions
  • pH of strong and weak acids and bases, pH of buffers, pH dependence of dissociation of substances
  • electrode potential, oxidation-reduction potential
  • osmotic pressure
  • reaction rate, half-life of reaction, Arrhenius equation
  • Clausius-Clapeyron equation, equilibrium constant, van’t Hoff´s reaction isobar, van’t Hoff´s reaction isotherm
  • thermodynamic feasibility of a reaction
  • distribution coefficient
  • basic thermodynamic quantities
Last update: Pavlíková Přecechtělová Jana, Mgr., Ph.D. (18.02.2024)
Learning resources - Czech
 
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