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Pathological Biochemistry for Pharmaceutical Sciences - GAPS001
Title: Pathological Biochemistry for Pharmaceutical Sciences
Guaranteed by: Department of Biochemical Sciences (16-16160)
Faculty: Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
Actual: from 2023
Semester: summer
Points: 0
E-Credits: 5
Examination process: summer s.:written
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:28/14, Ex [HS]
Capacity: unlimited / unlimited (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: English
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Explanation: (3.roč. F)
Note: enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: doc. PharmDr. Iva Boušová, Ph.D.
Classification: Pharmacy > Special Core Subjects
Annotation -
Last update: doc. PharmDr. Iva Boušová, Ph.D. (14.02.2024)
Pathological biochemistry (pathobiochemistry) deals with disorders of biochemical pathways and biochemical changes in human organism under pathological situations. The discipline aims to explain diseases at the molecular level. Some aspects of human physiological biochemistry (e.g. the biochemistry of digestion and absorption, synthesis and degradation of hemoglobin, and metabolism of lipoproteins), are also discussed in the course. The major goal of Pathobiochemistry in the Pharmaceutical Sciences program is to prepare students for future understanding molecular targetting of modern pharmacotherapeutics, taught in Pharmacology. This subject also contributes to preparation of students, who consider future employment in biomedical research. Topics: Oxidative stres and antioxidant defense, biochemistry of inflammation, biochemistry of tumors, inherited errors of metabolism, physiological and pathological biochemistry of lipids, physiological and pathological biochemistry of saccharides, physiological and pathological biochemistry of nitrogen-containing compounds, pathological biochemistry of nervous systém, physiological and pathological biochemistry of purines and pyrimidines, biochemistry of porphyrines, pathological biochemistry of hormonal regulations
Course completion requirements
Last update: doc. PharmDr. Iva Boušová, Ph.D. (14.02.2024)

Rules for credit obtaining

- attendance on seminars (absence can only be excused when written excuse from the general practitioner/specialist is provided)

- elaboration, submission and presentation of a seminar work on the assigned topic

- obtaining at least 41 points (55%) of the total number of points in 7 seminar tests

- in case of not obtaining a sufficient number of points, the student will write a summary credit test (3 attempts)

Rules for oral examination

- oral exam only

- registration for exam possible only via SIS system

- student will draw 2 questions from the list of questions for Pathological Biochemistry for Pharmaceutical Sciences (available in Study materials)

- teachers might ask additional questions from different areas of Pathological biochemistry for Pharmaceutical Sciences

- all drawn and asked questions are equal with respect to validity of exam and exam results (exam mark)

 

 
Literature -
Last update: doc. PharmDr. Iva Boušová, Ph.D. (14.02.2024)

Obligatory:

  • Newsholme, E. A. Leech, A. R.. Functional biochemistry in health and disease. Chichester, UK ; Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009, s. ISBN 978-0-471-98820-5.

  • Litwack, Gerald. Human biochemistry and disease. Burlington: Elsevier Inc., Academic Press, 2008, s. ISBN 978-0-12-452815-4.

  • Champe, Pamela C., Harvey, Richard A. Ferrier, Denise R.. Lippincott's illustrated reviews: Biochemistry. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008, s. ISBN 978-0-7817-6960-0.

  • Silbernagl, Stefan, Lang, Florian. Color atlas of pathophysiology. null: null, 2010, s. ISBN 978-3-13-116552-7.

Recommended:

  • Murray, Robert K. Granner, Daryl K., Rodwell, Victor W.. Harper's illustrated biochemistry. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill, 2006, s. ISBN 978-0-07-125300-0.

  • Halliwell, Barry Gutteridge, John M. C.. Free radicals in biology and medicine. Oxford: Oxford university Press, 2015, s. ISBN 978-0-19-102698-0.
Syllabus -
Last update: doc. PharmDr. Iva Boušová, Ph.D. (14.02.2024)

LECTURES

Introduction, mechanism of cell injury

  • General mechanisms leading to cell damage or death
  • Major biochemical mechanisms of cellular damage
  • Course of biochemical and morphological changes in acute ischemic/hypoxic damage
  • Chemical injury

Oxidation stress, radical diseases

  • Free radicals, reactive forms of nitrogen and oxygen (RONS)
  • Formation of free radicals and RONS
  • Physiological functions of RONS
  • Antioxidant system of the organism
  • Disruption of antioxidant protection, oxidative stress
  • RONS in pathological processes

Biochemistry of inflammation

  • Phases of inflammatory response, local signs of inflammation, course of acute inflammatory response
  • MMediators of inflammation - biogenic amines, kinins, lipid mediators, complement, cytokines, exogenous mediators
  • Phagocytosis - mechanisms of intracellular killing
  • Systemic effects of inflammation - acute phase reaction, acute phase reactants, fever, leukocytosis, hormonal changes, cachexia, pain
  • Pharmacotherapeutic interventions in the metabolism of inflammatory mediators

Biochemistry of tumors

  • Tumor diseases - introduction, classification
  • Tumorigenic transformation, metastasis, angiogenesis
  • Apoptosis
  • Factors inducing tumorigenic transformation - physical, chemical and biological factors in carcinogenesis
  • Viral tumors. Viral and cellular oncogenes, growth factors, telomeres and telomerases
  • Laboratory diagnostics of tumors

Hereditary metabolic disorders

  • Characteristics, pathogenesis and consequences, inheritance
  • Clinical manifestations, treatment
  • Diagnosis of hereditary metabolic disorders - non-selective and selective screening

Physiological and pathological biochemistry of lipids

  • Digestion and absorption from GIT, disorders
  • Lipoproteins, structure, metabolism
  • Dyslipoproteinaemias
  • Biochemistry of atherosclerosis
  • Lipidoses

Physiological and pathological biochemistry of carbohydrates

  • Digestion and absorptionof saccharides, disorders
  • Disorders of main metabolic pathways of carbohydrates - disorders of fructose and galactose metabolism, glycogenoses
  • Complex carbohydrates - disorders of glycosylation, mucopolysaccharidoses
  • Regulation of blood glucose and its disorders
  • Diabetes mellitus as a complex metabolic disorder - biochemistry of acute diabetes, molecular basis of late consequences of diabetes
  • Metabolic syndrome

Physiological and pathological biochemistry of proteins and amino acids

  • Proteins, peptides, non-protein nitrogen-containing compounds
  • Digestion of proteins in GIT, absorption of amino acids from GIT, disorders. Intracellular protein degradation, disorders.
  • Formation and metabolism of ammonia - biochemical basis of disorders of ornithine cycle, hepatogenic encephalopathy
  • Inborn errors of amino acids metabolism - phenylketonuria, leucinosis, errors of sulfur-containing amino acids

Pathological biochemistry of nervous system

  • Protein misfolding, consequences
  • Neurodegenerative diseases - Alzheimer's dementia, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, prion disorders

Nucleic acids, metabolism of purines and pyrimidines

  • Regulation of purine metabolism, hyperuricaemia, gout
  • Regulation of pyrimidine metabolism, orotaciduria

Physiological and pathological biochemistry of porphyrines

  • Synthesis and metabolism of porphyrines, regulation and disorders
  • Porphyrias, hemoglobinopathies
  • Jaundice (icterus)

Pathological biochemistry of hormones

  • General aspects of hormonal signalization
  • Endocrine disorders - hypofunction, hyperfunction
  • Disorders of adrenal steroid hormones synthesisand secretion, disorders of thyroid hormones secretion

 

SEMINARS

 

Seminar work on selected topic and its presentation in PowerPoint, analysis and discussion on chosen topic. Test of the subject matter by seminar topic.

  • Oxidative stress. Inflammation, mediators and biochemical markers.
  • Biochemistry of tumors, tumor markers.
  • Disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Atherosclerosis.
  • Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, diabetes mellitus. Metabolic syndrome.
  • Disorders of protein metabolism. Neurodegenerative diseases. Inborn errors of amino acids' metabolism.
  • Disorders of porphyrine metabolism, haemoglobinoipathies, icterus.
  • Disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Disorders of hormonal regulations.

 
 
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