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Course, academic year 2018/2019
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Pathology - DA0105439
Title: Pathology
Guaranteed by: Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (13-321)
Faculty: Second Faculty of Medicine
Actual: from 2018 to 2018
Semester: winter
Points: 12
E-Credits: 12
Examination process: winter s.:
summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:3/4, C [HT]
summer s.:4/5, C+Ex [HT]
Extent per academic year: 28 [weeks]
Capacity: winter:unlimited / unlimited (unknown)
summer:unlimited / unlimited (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: English
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Guarantor: prof. MUDr. Roman Kodet, CSc.
Classification: Medicine > Basic Sciences
Pre-requisite : DA01010332, DA0101331, DA0101337, DA0101438, DA0103039, DA0103337, DA0103446, DA0104338
Is pre-requisite for: DA0108390, DA0108060, DA0108369, DA0110308, DA0110016, DA0108006, DA0108004, DA0108358, DA0108370, DA0110018, DA0108325, DA0110608
Examination dates   Schedule   Noticeboard   
Course completion requirements
Last update: Petra Poděbradská (21.09.2022)

Credits

Credits for winter semester:

Students are expected to obtain credit at the end of each term. The conditions for the credit are as follows:

Attendance

Maximally 2 absences are tolerated in each term if there is an appropriate reason stated by the student - those absentees leaving out more than 2 courses will have to pass an extended (examined) individual credit before the end of a term.

Activity index (optional)

The knowledge from the semester is going to be regularly monitored via virtual platform Kahoot! Such a feature allows teachers to test the students through quiz questions, which should be answered online by students during the very training itself, using their electronic devices. The questions are going to be regarded to the topics from previous lectures and seminars. The platform consequently allows statistically analyzing and saving answers from each student individually. To obtain the credit, each student has to reach at least 60% of correct answers at average at the end of semester. The aim of testing the students is to encourage continuous studying and to give you feed-back about the range of your knowledge of pathology. However, this system of activity index is fully optional. Students, who cannot or do not want to participate in Kahoot! testing for any reason, are going to be examined at the end of the semester from all discussed topics instead.

Credit examination

In case the student does not obtain 60 % in the activity index and/or leaves more than 2 courses, he/she will be examined by the head of the department (or substitute teacher) from any topics discussed during the whole semester. The exam will be held during the last week of the semester – the exact date is going to be updated during the semester. If the student fails the exam, he/she won’t be given the credit.

There is no other way to obtain credit for the winter semester.

Credits for summer semester:

Students are expected to obtain credit at the end of each term. The conditions for the credit are as follows:

Attendance

The rules are similar as during the winter semester - maximally 2 absences are tolerated in each term if there is an appropriate reason stated by the student - those absentees leaving out more than 2 courses will have to pass an extended (examined) individual credit before the end of a term.

Activity index (optional)

The rules are the same as during the winter semester.

Created: 23. 9. 2021 / Modified: 20. 9. 2022 / Responsible person: MUDr. Jan Balko

Literature
Last update: Petra Poděbradská (01.10.2021)

Recommended literature:

KUMAR. V, ed. Robbins Basic Pathology, 10th Edition: Saunders, Philadelphia, 2017. ISBN 9780323353175.

LEVISON, D.A., ed, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 16th Edition“: CRC Press, 2020. ISBN 9780367146726.

Requirements to the exam
Last update: Petra Poděbradská (21.09.2022)

Exam

Final examination:

Only students with both credits may enlist for the final examination. The exam itself consists of 2 parts:

Practical part

  • microscopic pathology (reading and interpreting of 2 histological slides; time – on the examination day)

Theoretical part

  • divided into 3 topics covering general as well as organ pathology.

Failure of any part of the exams automatically leads to the failure of the whole exam.

Students, who fail to pass the examination in the given academic year, will have to repeat the whole subject including attendance to compulsory classes. Those students will also have to fulfill conditions for a credit in both semesters again. In such cases, the credit given in the previous winter and/or summer semester won't be accepted.

 
Schedule scheduled
Schedule ticket Date From - To Education type Theme Teacher Files Note
18aDA0105439p1

Groups of students
M3.AVSEOB
Thu 04.10.2018 10:30 - 13:05 lecture

1. Anatomical pathology as a specialty: from historical aspects to what pathology brings to contemporary medicine: autopsy, surgical speciments, biopsy, frozen section diagnosis its importance and  risks.

2. Laboratory methods utilized by anatomic pathology:

a) classical staining methods - HE, PAS, trichrome, imppregnations, elastic fibers;

b) histochemistry - significance, basic reactions - non-specific esterase, chloroacetate-esterase, phosphatases

c) immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization - principles, practical usage in diagnostic process

d) electron mocroscopy - its usefulness and limitations

3. Cell injury:

a) definition, causes

b) mechanisms - hypoxic and ischemic - free radicals

c) cell death - apoptosis versus necrosis

d) gangrene

prof. MUDr. Roman Kodet, CSc.
Thu 11.10.2018 10:30 - 13:05 lecture

1. Disorders of the vacular flow:

a) underlying causes - diseases of the heart and of the vessels

b) venostasis acute, chronic

c) pathology of shock

d) hypertension - classification, pathology, complications

2. Hemorrhagic diathesis:

a) types of hemorrhage

b) thrombocytopenia

c) coagulative disorders, hereditary, DIC

d) vascular causes

prof. MUDr. Roman Kodet, CSc.
Thu 18.10.2018 10:30 - 13:05 lecture

Pigments and pathology of their distribution:

a) autogenous - melanin, lipofuscin, ceroid, lipochrome;

b) hematogenous - hemosiderin, hematoidin, hemoglobin, hematin; pathology of icterus

c) exogenous - how the pigments get into the organism- pneumoconiosis ( anthracosis, silicosis, siderosis, asbestosis, berylliosis), sequelae of complicated pneumoconiosis

prof. MUDr. Josef Zámečník, Ph.D.
Thu 25.10.2018 10:30 - 13:05 lecture

Metabolic disorders of lipids, proteins and corbohydrates.

Intracellular accumulations:

a) steatosis, classification, forms, development inborn errors of lipid metabolism - Gaucher´s disease, Nieman - Pick´s disease, Tay- Sachs´ disease

b) pathology of the interstitial matrix - acquired ) aging, myxedema), congenital (cystic medionectosis) and inborn errors of metabolism of proteoglycans ( mucopolysacharidoses)

c) glycogen storage diseases - acquired, inherited ( von Gierke,Pompe)

d) amyloidosis

prof. MUDr. Josef Zámečník, Ph.D.
Thu 01.11.2018 10:30 - 13:05 lecture

Inflammation I. Non-specific inflammation:

a) definition of inflammation, clinical and pathologic features - local, general

b) exudation of inflammatory cells, chemotaxis, mediators

c) acute inflammation versus chronic inflammation

d) types of exudative inflammation ( serous, suppurative, lymphocytis, fibrinous, gangrenous, progression, healing, complications

prof. MUDr. Roman Kodet, CSc.
Thu 08.11.2018 10:30 - 13:05 lecture

Inflammation II. Specific, granulomatous inflammation:

a) definition, morphology, pathogenesis

b) tuberculosis - development, progression, healing

c) syphilis, leprosy

d) non-caseating granulomas with a suppurative component (cat scratch disease, tularemia, brucellosis etc.)

prof. MUDr. Roman Kodet, CSc.
Thu 15.11.2018 10:30 - 13:05 lecture

Morphology of infectious diseases I.

1. General remarks:

a) local spread of infections

b) bacteriemia, sepsis, septicopyemia and its types

c) mechanisms of bacteria-induced injury, bacterial adhesins, toxins

2. Common bacterial diseases:

a) streptococcal and staphylococcal, meningococcal infectionsand their morphology

b) colibacillary infections; salmonellosis; typhus; hemophilus, pseudomonas

prof. MUDr. Josef Zámečník, Ph.D.
Thu 22.11.2018 10:30 - 13:05 lecture

Morphology of infectious diseases II.

1. Infections caused by chlamydia, rickettsia and mycoplasma.

2. Mechanism of virus-induced injury.

3. Most common infections caused by viruses - herpes, varicella-zoster, CMV, EBV+ influenza, measles, rubella.

4. Morphology of HIV infection and AIDS.

prof. MUDr. Josef Zámečník, Ph.D.
Thu 29.11.2018 10:30 - 13:05 lecture

Pathology of diseases of the immunity.

Pathology of transplantations.

MUDr. Jan Balko, Ph.D.
Thu 06.12.2018 10:30 - 13:05 lecture

1. Cysts: classification, morphology

2. General oncology I. Oncogenes, supressor genes:

a) activation of oncogenes

-retroviral insertion mutagenesis, experimental cellular transformation

-chromosomal translocations

-amplification

-point mutations

b) supressor genes

-two hit theory, A. Knudson, retinoblastoma+-other supressor genes - p53, WT1

c) products of oncogenes, signal transduction pathways, regulatory of cell kinetics  

prof. MUDr. Roman Kodet, CSc.
Thu 13.12.2018 10:30 - 13:05 lecture

General oncology II.

1. Tumor growth and metastasizing:

a) clonal versus polyclonal tumor development, tumor cell cycle and means of its detection; life span of tumors

b) heterogeneity of tumor cell populations

c) tumor cell invasion

d) development of metastatic spread, homing phenomenon; adhesion moleciles;

2. Incidence of tumors:

a) most frequent malignant tumors in adults, sex-related differences

b) distinction between incidence of tumors in adults and childhood

prof. MUDr. Roman Kodet, CSc.
Thu 20.12.2018 10:30 - 13:05 lecture

General oncology III. Classification of neoplastic diseases:

1. Epithelial neoplasms and their behavior

a) tumors of surface epithelia ( papilomas; precancerous lesions of the skin, uterine cervix, other; squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma);

b) neoplasm of the glandular and organ origin ( adenomas, adenocarcinomas- gross and microscopic evaluation, biologica, organ examples).

2. Mesenchymal neoplasms, tumors of the peripheral nerves, pigmented nevi and melanoma, teratomas, choriocarcinoma, mesothelioma - general features

prof. MUDr. Roman Kodet, CSc.
Thu 03.01.2019 10:30 - 13:05 lecture Holiday
Thu 10.01.2019 10:30 - 13:05 lecture Pathology of the heart prof. MUDr. Roman Kodet, CSc.
lecture

Pathology of the vessels:

a) atherosclerosis

b) vasculitis

c) aneurysms

MUDr. Jan Soukup
18aDA0105439x01

Groups of students
M3.2.AVSEOB
M3.1.AVSEOB
Wed 03.10.2018 8:00 - 11:30 practical classes

How the courses are organized; biohazard, personal protection

Autopsy demonstrations: Cadaverous changes: physical and chemical, autolysis

MUDr. Jan Soukup
Wed 10.10.2018 8:00 - 11:30 practical classes Gross and microscopic specimens: necrosis, gangrene, atrophy MUDr. Vít Campr
Wed 17.10.2018 8:00 - 11:30 practical classes

Gross and microscopic pathology:

a) disorders of the vascular flow in general

b) trombosis, embolism

MUDr. Vít Campr
Wed 24.10.2018 8:00 - 11:30 practical classes Metabolic disorders ( steatosis, amyloidosis) MUDr. Jan Balko, Ph.D.
Wed 31.10.2018 8:00 - 11:30 practical classes

a) calcification - dystrophic - metastatic

b) stones, their occurrence ( gallbladder, urinary bladder, salivary glands, pancreas), pathogenesis, composition, principles of complications

c) pathology of the pigments

MUDr. Jaromír Háček
Wed 07.11.2018 8:00 - 11:30 practical classes

Pathology of the inflammation:

non-specific inflammatory reactions, esp.

cararrhal, lymphoplasmocytic, suppurative, fibrinous, gangrenous

MUDr. Jan Soukup
Wed 14.11.2018 8:00 - 11:30 practical classes Tuberculosis and other inflammatory granulomatous diseases MUDr. Jan Soukup
Wed 21.11.2018 8:00 - 11:30 practical classes

Inflammation, non specific and specific types - repetion;

infectious diseases

MUDr. Vít Campr
Wed 28.11.2018 8:00 - 11:30 practical classes

a) infectious diseases

b) transpantation

c) regeneration, hypertrophy, hyperplasia

prof. MUDr. Josef Zámečník, Ph.D.
Wed 05.12.2018 8:00 - 11:30 practical classes Repetion MUDr. Jan Soukup
Wed 12.12.2018 8:00 - 11:30 practical classes Cysts MUDr. Jan Balko, Ph.D.
Wed 19.12.2018 8:00 - 11:30 practical classes General oncology MUDr. Jan Balko, Ph.D.
Wed 02.01.2019 8:00 - 11:30 practical classes Holiday
Wed 09.01.2019 8:00 - 11:30 practical classes Holiday
practical classes Epithelial, mesenchymal and germ cell tumors, other neoplasms MUDr. Vít Campr
practical classes Cyst and neoplastic diseases repetion prof. MUDr. Josef Zámečník, Ph.D.
18aDA0105439x02

Groups of students
M3.4.AVSEOB
M3.3.AVSEOB
Wed 03.10.2018 14:25 - 17:55 practical classes

How the courses are organized; biohazard, personal protection

Autopsy demonstrations: Cadaverous changes: physical and chemical, autolysis

MUDr. Marek Grega
Wed 10.10.2018 14:25 - 17:55 practical classes Gross and microscopic specimens: necrosis, gangrene, atrophy MUDr. Jaromír Háček
Wed 17.10.2018 14:25 - 17:55 practical classes

Gross and microscopic pathology:

a) disorders of the vascular flow in general

b) trombosis, embolism

MUDr. Zuzana Prouzová
Wed 24.10.2018 14:25 - 17:55 practical classes Metabolic disorders ( steatosis, amyloidosis) MUDr. Marek Grega
Wed 31.10.2018 14:25 - 17:55 practical classes

a) calcification - dystrophic - metastatic

b) stones, their occurrence ( gallbladder, urinary bladder, salivary glands, pancreas), pathogenesis, composition, principles of complications

c) pathology of the pigments

MUDr. Petr Škapa, Ph.D.
Wed 07.11.2018 14:25 - 17:55 practical classes

Pathology of the inflammation:

non-specific inflammatory reactions, esp.

cararrhal, lymphoplasmocytic, suppurative, fibrinous, gangrenous

MUDr. Jaromír Háček
Wed 14.11.2018 14:25 - 17:55 practical classes Tuberculosis and other inflammatory granulomatous diseases MUDr. Zuzana Prouzová
Wed 21.11.2018 14:25 - 17:55 practical classes

Inflammation, non specific and specific types - repetion;

infectious diseases

MUDr. Petr Škapa, Ph.D.
Wed 28.11.2018 14:25 - 17:55 practical classes

a) infectious diseases

b) transpantation

c) regeneration, hypertrophy, hyperplasia

MUDr. Marek Grega
Wed 05.12.2018 14:25 - 17:55 practical classes Repetion MUDr. Jaromír Háček
Wed 12.12.2018 14:25 - 17:55 practical classes Cysts MUDr. Zuzana Prouzová
Wed 19.12.2018 14:25 - 17:55 practical classes General oncology MUDr. Jan Soukup
Wed 02.01.2019 14:25 - 17:55 practical classes Holiday
Wed 09.01.2019 14:25 - 17:55 practical classes Holiday
practical classes Epithelial, mesenchymal and germ cell tumors, other neopasms MUDr. Marek Grega
practical classes Cysts and neoplastic diseases repetition MUDr. Jan Soukup
 
Schedule scheduled
Schedule ticket Date From - To Education type Theme Teacher Files Note
18bDA0105439p1

Groups of students
M3.AVSEOB
Thu 21.02.2019 8:00 - 11:30 lecture

Pathology of the blood:

1. anemias

a) posthemorrhagic

b) of the increased erythrocyte degradation and decreased erythrocyte life span

c) failure of maturation / megaloblastic anemias

d) bone marrow failure - aplastic anemias

White blood cell disorders

Reactive conditions: leucocytosis, leukopenia // infectious mononucleosis

Myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative diseases: classification

MUDr. Vít Campr
Thu 28.02.2019 8:00 - 11:30 lecture

Pathology of the lymph nodes and lymphomas reactive changes //inflammation// non-Hodgkin´s malignant lymphomas

Plasma cell disorders

MUDr. Jan Soukup
Thu 07.03.2019 8:00 - 11:30 lecture

Pathology of the respiratory system I

Obstructive lung diseases

Restrictive lung diseases

prof. MUDr. Roman Kodet, CSc.
Thu 14.03.2019 8:00 - 11:30 lecture

Pathology of the respiratory system II

Pulmonary infections

Lung tumors

MUDr. Linda Čapková, Ph.D.
Thu 21.03.2019 8:00 - 11:30 lecture

Pathology of the GIT I

Oral cavity

Oesophagus

Stomach

MUDr. Jan Soukup
Thu 28.03.2019 8:00 - 11:30 lecture

Pathology of the GIT II

Small and large intestine

prof. MUDr. Roman Kodet, CSc.
Thu 04.04.2019 8:00 - 11:30 lecture Pathology of the liver prof. MUDr. Roman Kodet, CSc.
Thu 11.04.2019 8:00 - 11:30 lecture Pathology of the female genital systetm I MUDr. Petr Škapa, Ph.D.
Thu 18.04.2019 8:00 - 11:30 lecture Pathology of the female genital system II. MUDr. Petr Škapa, Ph.D.
Thu 25.04.2019 8:00 - 11:30 lecture Pathology of the kidneys MUDr. Jaromír Háček
Thu 02.05.2019 8:00 - 11:30 lecture

Pathology of the brain I

Basic reactions of neurons and glial cells

Common pathophysiologic disorders

Vascular diseases

Infections - meningitis

prof. MUDr. Josef Zámečník, Ph.D.
Thu 09.05.2019 8:00 - 11:30 lecture

Pathology of the brain II

Degenerative diseases

Senile atrophy

Parkinsonism

Demyelinating diseases

Metabolic disorders

Inborn errors of metabolism

prof. MUDr. Josef Zámečník, Ph.D.
Thu 16.05.2019 8:00 - 11:30 lecture

Pathology of the bones and joints

Metabolic diseases-osteoporosis

Fibrous dysplasia

Bone tumors

prof. MUDr. Roman Kodet, CSc.
Thu 23.05.2019 8:00 - 11:30 lecture

Pathology of the endocrine system

Diabetes mellitus

Pituiary gland, tumors, basic syndromes

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

prof. MUDr. Roman Kodet, CSc.
18bDA0105439x01

Groups of students
M3.2.AVSEOB
M3.1.AVSEOB
Wed 20.02.2019 8:00 - 12:25 practical classes Pathology of the heart MUDr. Marek Grega
Wed 27.02.2019 8:00 - 12:25 practical classes Anemias // leukemias// recap. cardiovascular pathology MUDr. Petr Škapa, Ph.D.
Wed 06.03.2019 8:00 - 12:25 practical classes Pathology of the hemopoetic system. Pathology of the lymph nodes MUDr. Marek Grega
Wed 13.03.2019 8:00 - 12:25 practical classes Pathology of the lungs MUDr. Jan Soukup
Wed 20.03.2019 8:00 - 12:25 practical classes Recap. pathology of the lungs MUDr. Linda Čapková, Ph.D.
Wed 27.03.2019 8:00 - 12:25 practical classes Pathology of the oesophagus and stomach MUDr. Vít Campr
Wed 03.04.2019 8:00 - 12:25 practical classes Pathology of the GIT MUDr. Jan Soukup
Wed 10.04.2019 8:00 - 12:25 practical classes Pathololgy ofthe small and large bowel - inflammation, neoplasms. Pathology of the biliary tee. MUDr. Petr Škapa, Ph.D.
Wed 17.04.2019 8:00 - 12:25 practical classes Pathology of the kidneys and urinary tract: pathologyof the breast MUDr. Jaromír Háček
Wed 24.04.2019 8:00 - 12:25 practical classes Repetion pathology of all topics the previous chapters in the Summer semester MUDr. Jan Soukup
Wed 01.05.2019 8:00 - 12:25 practical classes State Holliday
Wed 08.05.2019 8:00 - 12:25 practical classes State Holliday
Wed 15.05.2019 8:00 - 12:25 practical classes Pathology of the bones and joints MUDr. Jaromír Háček
Wed 22.05.2019 8:00 - 12:25 practical classes Will be preceded to CREDIT by a test MUDr. Linda Čapková, Ph.D.
18bDA0105439x02

Groups of students
M3.3.AVSEOB
M3.4.AVSEOB
Wed 20.02.2019 13:30 - 17:55 practical classes Pathology of the heart MUDr. Jaromír Háček
Wed 27.02.2019 13:30 - 17:55 practical classes Anemias // leukemias// MUDr. Jan Soukup
Wed 06.03.2019 13:30 - 17:55 practical classes Pathology of the hemopoetic system. Pathology of the lymph nodes MUDr. Jan Balko, Ph.D.
Wed 13.03.2019 13:30 - 17:55 practical classes Pathology of the lungs MUDr. Vít Campr
Wed 20.03.2019 13:30 - 17:55 practical classes Recap. pathology of the lungs MUDr. Marek Grega
Wed 27.03.2019 13:30 - 17:55 practical classes Pathology of the oesophagus and stomach MUDr. Jaromír Háček
Wed 03.04.2019 13:30 - 17:55 practical classes Pathology of the GIT MUDr. Zuzana Prouzová
Wed 10.04.2019 13:30 - 17:55 practical classes Pathology of the small and large bowel - inflammation MUDr. Jan Balko, Ph.D.
Wed 17.04.2019 13:30 - 17:55 practical classes Pathology of the kidneys and urinary tract MUDr. Jan Balko, Ph.D.
Wed 24.04.2019 13:30 - 17:55 practical classes Repetion pathology of all topics the previous chapters in the Summer semester MUDr. Petr Škapa, Ph.D.
Wed 01.05.2019 13:30 - 17:55 practical classes State HOLLIDAY
Wed 08.05.2019 13:30 - 17:55 practical classes State HOLLIDAY
Wed 15.05.2019 13:30 - 17:55 practical classes pathology of the bones and joints MUDr. Vít Campr
Wed 22.05.2019 13:30 - 17:55 practical classes Will be preceded to CREDIT by a test MUDr. Petr Škapa, Ph.D.
 
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