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Description of the microscopical structure of the nervous system, skin and sensory organs. Review of microscopic anatomy. Basic description of blastogenesis and organogenesis. Overview of the general and special teratology. The matter and scope of the histological part will be coordinated with the curriculum of anatomy and pathology.
Last update: MSOCH (19.06.2014)
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The study is concluded by credits given in the winter (B81131 Histology and embryology 1) and summer semester (B81402 Histology and embryology 2) and the final exam taken in the summer semester. Requirements for receiving the credit - obligatory attendance according to schedule - successful passing of written and oral tests given during practical lessons evaluating theoretical and practical knowledge of the subject Requirements for passing the exam - theoretical part: oral examination of the knowledge based on the list of exam questions; the students will allot three questions concerning three main topics - practical part: recognition and analysis of three histological preparations according to the list of histological preparations Last update: MSOCH (19.06.2014)
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Recommended Literature: Sadler T.W.: Langman´s Medical Embryology, Lippincot Wiliiams and Wilkins, 2006, 2011, 2012 Moore,K.L. - Persaud, P.V.N.: Before We Were Born: Essentials of Embryology and Birth Defects, 8th Ed., Saunders Elsevier, 2008, 2013 Additional Literature: Berkovitz B.K.B., Holland G.R., Moxham B.J.: Oral Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Mosby, 2009 Nanci,A.: Ten Cate´s Oral Histology. Development, Structure and Function, Mosby, 2008
Last update: Bucková Ivana (17.09.2014)
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DENTISTRY - REQUESTED KNOWLEDGE (exam questions)
Cytology. Tissues Preparation of tissues for microscopic examination Structural organization of the cell Cell membrane, structure and function Cell organelles, structure and function Intercellular junctions, cell surface specializations Cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis Epithelial tissue, overview of the structure and function, classification Secretory epithelium (endocrine, exocrine - types of secretion) Sensory epithelium - structure and function. Myoepithelium Connective tissue - general structure and function Extracellular matrix - ground substance and fibers Connective tissue proper (structure and distribution, cells and their function) Basic structure of the cartilage. Hyaline and elastic cartilages Basic structure of the bone. Fibrillar and lamellar bones Intramembranous ossification Endochondral ossification Composition of the peripheral blood Erythrocytes, structure and function Leukocytes - classification, structure and function. Leukogram Thrombocytes - development, structure and function Lymphocytes, humoral and cellular immunity Monocytes, mononuclear phagocyte system Erythropoiesis Leukopoiesis Smooth muscle, structure and mechanism of contraction Structure of skeletal muscle. Ultrastructure and function of myofibril Structure of cardiac muscle General structure of the nerve tissue. Glial cells Neuron - structure and types of neurons. Synapses Types of nerve fibers and their sheaths. Formation of the myelin sheath
Microscopical Anatomy (Special Histology) General structure of blood vessels, types of vessels and their function Structure and function of the lymphoid organs (thymus, lymph node, spleen) Hypothalamo-hypophyseal system, neurohumoral regulation Hypophysis - structure and function Thyroid and adrenal glands - structure and function Salivary glands - classification, structure and function. Saliva Parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands General structure of the oral mucosa Tongue. Lingual papillae and glands. Taste buds Tonsils - structure and function. Waldayer’s ring Tooth - general structure Enamel - microscopical structure, amelogenesis Dentine - microscopic structure, dentinogenesis Cementum - structure and cementogenesis. Alveolar bone Periodontal ligament. Gingiva, epithelial attachment Esophagus. General structure of the wall of the alimentary tube Stomach, structural specialization of the mucosa Small and large intestines, structural specialization and function Liver - structure and function, blood circulation Mucous layer of the respiratory ways (nasal cavities, larynx, trachea and bronchi) Lung, structure and function. Respiratory portion and blood-air barrier Kidney. Nephron - structural and functional specialization of its parts Excretory urinary passages Testis, spermatogenesis Ovary, oogenesis Uterus, menstrual cycle General structure of the skin, glands and hair Brain cortex, blood-brain barrier. Cerebellum Eye - general structure. Retina Inner ear, structure and function
Embryology Fertilization, cleavage and early development of the blastocyst Blastocyst and its implantation. Anomalies of implantation, ectopic pregnancy Development of the amnion, yolk sac, chorion and embryonic disc Development of germ layers, formation of notochord, differentiation of the mesoderm Development of the primitive cardiovascular system Heart development. Aortic arches and their derivatives Fetal blood circulation Development of the umbilical cord and placenta. Anomalies of umbilical cord and placenta Placenta - structure and function. Fetal membranes Primitive gut and its development Development of the embryonic pharynx. Pharyngeal clefts and pouches The foregut, development of the stomach, duodenum, liver and pancreas Development of the midgut loop (herniation, rotation, retraction and fixation of the intestine) Development of the hingut. Cloaca and its differentiation Development of the respiratory system Development of the urinary system Development of the gonads Mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts and their development in both sexes Neuroectoderm and its differentiation. Histogenesis of the neural tube Development of the spinal cord and brain vesicles Development of the eye Development of the ear Somites and their relationship to the development of skeletal muscles. Limb development Development of the axial skeleton. Skull and vertebral column Stomodeum, development of the oral and nasal cavities. Development of the palate. Development of the tongue and thyroid gland. Development anomalies Development of teeth. Anomalies of the tooth development Development of the face Clefts of lip, jaw and palate. Mechanism of their development, classification Branchial arches and their differentiation
DENTISTRY - REQUESTED KNOWLEDGE (list of preparations) GENERAL HISTOLOGY A1 Irregular dense connective tissue (dermis), AZAN A4 Mast cells (rat mesentery), alcian blue, nuclear red A5 Tendon (regular dense connective tissue), HE A6 Adipose tissue, HE A8 Hyaline cartilage, HE A10 Elastic cartilage, orcein + alum hematoxylin A12 Endochondral ossification, HE A14 Intramembranous ossification, HE A15 Lamellar compact bone, HE A16 Lamellar spongy bone, HE A17 Smooth muscle, HE A18 Skeletal muscle, HE (A19 - Heidenhain´s method) A20 Cardiac muscle, HE
MICROSCOPICAL ANATOMY Circulatory system: F1 Heart, ventricular wall, HE, trichrome F2/3 Large elastic artery (aorta), cross section, HE, orcein F5 Neuromuscular bundle (muscular arteries, vein and nerve) Weigert van Gieson´s method + resorcinfuchsin F6 Large vein (vena cava inferior, muscular type), HE, green trichrome
Lymphoid system: G1 Lymph node, HE G2 Spleen, HE, trichrome (G3 - silver impregnation) G4 Thymus of the child, HE
Endocrine system: E1 Pituitary, HE E2 Thyroid, HE E4 Suprarenal gland, HE E5 Islets of Langerhans, HE
Digestive system: B1 Lip, HE, trichrome B2 Tooth, HE B3 Tongue, anterior part of the body, HE, trichrome B4 Tongue, root, HE, trichrome B5 Palatine tonsil, HE B6 Parotid gland, HE B7 Submandibular gland, HE, alcian blue + nuclear red B8 Sublingual gland, HE, alcian blue + nuclear red
Digestive system: B9 Pancreas, HE B10 Esophagus, HE, trichrome, Heidenhain´s hematoxylin B12 Stomach - fundus, HE, trichrome B15 Jejunum, HE B16 Large intestine, HE, trichrome B17 Appendix , HE B18 Liver, HE, trichrome
Respiratory system: D1 Epiglottis, HE D2 Larynx, HE, trichrome D3 Trachea, HE, trichrome D4 Lung, HE, orcein + alum hematoxylin
Urinary system: C1 Kidney, HE C3 Ureter, HE C4 Urinary bladder, HE, trichrome
Male reproductive system: C6 Testis, HE C7 Epididymis, HE C10 Prostate, HE, trichrome, Heidenhain´s hematoxylin
Female reproductive system: C11 Ovary, HE, trichrome C13 Uterine tube, HE, trichrome C14 Uterus, body, HE C16 Vagina, HE, trichrome
Skin: H1 Thick skin (palm), HE H2 Thin hairy skin, HE
Nervous system: L2 Brain, Nissl´s method L3 Cerebellum, HE L4 Cerebellum, silver impregnation L5 Spinal cord, HE L8 Peripheral nerve, cross section, HE, Luxol blue + nuclear red
Sensory organs: S1 Eye, anterior segment. HE S4 Eyelid, HE
Embryology: X3 Placenta, HE X4 Umbilical cord, HE X5 Development of the tooth Last update: MSOCH (19.06.2014)
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Last update: Bucková Ivana (09.02.2015)
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