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| Order | Course title |
| Topic 1 (TO1) | |
| 1 | A. History-taking in Paediatrics, B. Epilepsy in children, Febrile Seizures, C. Vomiting, Differential Diagnosis |
| 2 | A. Physical Exam in Paediatrics, specifics for individual age groups, B. Tuberculosis in Children, C. Hypoglycemia, Differential Diagnosis |
| 3 | A. Prenature newborn: classification o age periods, specific characteristics, mortality and diseases, B. Diabetes Mellitus type 1., C. Joint Swelling, Differential Diagnosis |
| 4 | A. Physiological newborn: physical findings of a mature newborn, characteristics of the neonatal period, common diseases, B. Cystic Fibrosis, C. Disorders of Calcium-phosphate metabolism, Differential Diagnosis |
| 5 | A. Preschooler and young-schooler: main characteristics of the period, growth and development, common diseases, B. Intrauterine infections, C. Polyuria, Differential Diagnosis |
| 6 | A. Infant and toddler: main milestones of the period, growth and development, common diseases, B. Disorders of adrenal glands function, C. Gastrointestinal bleeding, Differential Diagnosis |
| 7 | A. Adolescent: main characteristics of the period, growth and development, common diseases, HEADSS, B. Liver Diseases in Paediatrics, C. Hypertension, Differential Diagnosis |
| 8 | A. Assessment of growth and development, growth charts analysis, B. Congenital heart disease and malformations, Diarrhea, Differential Diagnosis |
| 9 | A. Breastfeeding (composition of breast milk, comparison with artificial milk formula, importance, contraindications), B. Disorders of sexual differentiation, C. Abdominal pain, Differential Diagnosis |
| 10 | A. Nutrition of the child in infancy and toddler age, risks of alternative diets, B. Cardiomyopathy and heart arrhythmias in children, C. Neuroinfections, Differential Diagnosis and treatment |
| 11 | A. Artificial milk formulas, types of formulas and their use in clinical practice, B. Disorders of adenohypophysis, C. Fever, hyperpyrexia, body temperature: definitions, therapy |
| 12 | A. Basic and advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation of newborn and child, B. Congenital malformations of respiratory tract, C. Failure to thrive (FTT) in infancy and toddler age, Differential Diagnosis |
| 13 | A. Acute expiratory dyspnea – clinical manifestation, differential, therapeutic approach, B. Inflammatory bowel diseases, C. Hematuria in children, Differential Diagnosis |
| 14 | A. Acute inspiratory dyspnea - clinical manifestation, Differential Diagnosis, therapeutic approach, B. Diseases of the gallblader, bile ducts and pancreas in children, C. Neuromuscular diseases, Differential Diagnosis |
| 15 | A. Foreign body in airways and gastrointestinal tract, B. Nephrotic syndrome, C. Developmental delay, Differential Diagnosis and treatment |
| 16 | A. Allergic reaction, anaphylactic shock, B. Congenital malformation of gastrointestinal tract, C. Hypotonia of newborn and infant, Differential Diagnosis |
| 17 | A. The most common intoxications in childhood and their therapy, B. Pneumonia in children, C. Proteinuria in children, Differential Diagnosis |
| 18 | A. Burn injury, B. Acute glomerulonephritis, nephritic syndrome, C. Musculoskeletal pain, Differential Diagnosis |
| 19 | A. Acute abdomen in paeditrics, signs and symptoms, Differential Diagnosis, therapy, C. Peri-, myocarditis and endocarditis in children, C. Common childhood exanthems, Differential Diagnosis |
| 20 | A. Oral and parenteral rehydratation, realimentation, B. Asthma bronchiale, C. Hyperbilirubinaemia, Differential Diagnosis, treatment |
| 21 | A. Specific Features o Paediatric Pharmacotherapy, B. Acute and Chronic Renal Failure, C. Thyroid Gland Disorders, Differential Diagnosis |
| 22 | A. Immunisations: Principles and its importance. Vaccination schedule, Obligatory and voluntary Immunisations. Adverse effects, B. Urinary Tract Infections in children, C. Prenature and Delayed Puberty, Differential Diagnosis |
| 23 | A. Neonatal Screening - clinical and laboratory, B. Primary Systemic Vasculitis, C. Malabsorption Syndromes in Children, Differential Diagnosis |
| 24 | A. Preventive examination in Primary Pediatric Care, Screening in Paediatrics, B. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, Clinical Manifestations and Treatment, C. Heart Murmurs, Differential Diagnosis |
| 25 | A. Early Neonatal Care, Postnatal Adaptation and First Examination by Paediatrician after birth, B. Systemic Autoimmune Disorders, C. Headache, Meningeal signs, Differential Diagnosis |
| 26 | A. Life-threatening Congenital Malformations in a newborn, B. Gastroesophageal Reflux, Infant Colic, C. Lymphadenopathy, Differential Diagnosis |
| 27 | A. Birth traumas, B. Leukemia and Lymphoma in children, C. Growth Disorders, Differential Diagnosis |
| 28 | A. Genetic testing in Paediatrics, Chromosomal aberrations, Types of inheritance and associated diseases, B. Syndrome of risky behavior in adolescence, Drug-abuse, Possibilities of intervention, C. Hepatopathy and Hepatomegaly, Differential Diagnosis |
| 29 | A. Specific Features of Biochemistry and Hematology Tests in Children, B. Reactive arthritis, Rheumatic fever, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, C. Splenomegaly, Differential Diagnosis |
| 30 | A. Blood-gas and Acid-Base status, analyses, interpretation, B. Micturition Disorders and Enuresis, Dysuria, Anuria, Oliguria, C. Anaemia, Differential Diagnosis |
| 31 | A. Pneumopathies in newborns, RDS, B. Parasitic infections, C. Collapse, Syncope in children, Differential Diagnosis |
| 32 | A. Apnoea, Acute life-threatening conditions in infancy (ALTE/BRUE, SIDS), Differential Diagnosis, B. Congenital and Acquired Coagulopathies in children, C. Immunodeficiencies, Differential Diagnosis |
| 33 | A. Shock (classification, causes, treatment), B. Congenital Malformations of the Urinary Tract, C. Stooling, Constipation disorders, Anal prolapse, Differential Diagnosis |
| 34 | A. Child abuse and neglect syndrome (CAN), B. Disorders of Lipid Metabolism, C. Oedema, Differential Diagnosis |
| 35 | A. ADHD, specific learning disabilities, autism, B. Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism, C. Disorders of Consciousness, Convulsions, Differenital Diagnosis, First aid |
| 36 | A. Vitamin Deficiency in childhood, B. Lysosomal Disorders, C. Cough, Differential Diagnosis |
| 37 | A. Obesity, Treatment and Complications, B. Perinatal Hypoxia and Asphyxia, HIE, Therapy, C. Cardiac Failure in children, Causes, Clinical manifestations, Treatment |
| 38 | A. Neonatal sepsis - Early and Late, Causes, Clinical Manifestationos, Treatment, B. Intertrigo, Atopic eczema, Seborrheic dermatitis, C. Respiratory failure in children, Causes, Clinical manifestations, Treatment |
| 39 | A. Eating disorders, B. Tumours in children, C. Chest pain in children, Differential Diagnosis |
| 40 | A. Acute gastroenteritis in children, causes, clinical manifestations, treatment, B. Disorders of amino acids metabolism, C. Cyanosis in children, Differential Diagnosis |
| Topic 2 (TO2) | |
| 1 | 1. Epilepsy in children, febrile seizures |
| 2 | 2. Congenital heart malformation |
| 3 | 3. ADHD, autism |
| 4 | 4. Disorders of adenohypophysis |
| 5 | 5. Disroders of sexual differentiation |
| 6 | 6. Disorders of adrenal glands |
| 7 | 7. Deficit of fat-soluble vitamins |
| 8 | 8. Deficit of water-soluble vitamins |
| 9 | 9. Diabetes mellitus I.type |
| 10 | 10. Obesity, treatment and complications |
| 11 | 11. Peri-, myocarditis and endocarditis in children |
| 12 | 12. Cardiomyopathy and heart arrhytmias in children |
| 13 | 13. Congenital malformation of respirátory tract |
| 14 | 14. Tuberculosis in children |
| 15 | 15. Upper respirátory tract infection, clinical manifestastion and treatment |
| 16 | 16. Acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis |
| 17 | 17. Pneumonia in children |
| 18 | 18. Cystic fibrosis |
| 19 | 19. Asthma bronchiale |
| 20 | 20. Congenital malformation of gastrointestinal tract |
| 21 | 21. Gastroesofageal reflux, infant colic |
| 22 | 22. Diseases of liver in pediaatric age |
| 23 | 23. Diseases of gall-bladder and pancreas |
| 24 | 24. Inflammatory bowel diseases |
| 25 | 25. Urinary tract infections in children |
| 26 | 26. Nephrotic syndrome |
| 27 | 27. Acute and chronic renal failure |
| 28 | 28. Acute glomerulonephritis, nephritic syndrome |
| 29 | 29. Miction disorders and enuresis |
| 30 | 30. Congenital malformations or urinary tract |
| 31 | 31. Perinatal hypoxia and asfyxia |
| 32 | 32. Eating disorders |
| 33 | 33. Syndrome of risk behaviour in adolescence, drug-abuse, possibilities of intervention |
| 34 | 34. Reactive arthritis, revmatic fever, juvenile idiopathic arthritis |
| 35 | 35. Systemic autoimmune disorders |
| 36 | 36. Primary systemic vasculitis |
| 37 | 37. Congenital and acquired coagulopathies in children |
| 38 | 38. Leukemia and lymphomas in children |
| 39 | 39. CNS tumors in children |
| 40 | 40. Solid tumor in children (except CNS tumors) |
| 41 | 41. Intrauterinne infections |
| 42 | 42. Parasitic infections |
| 43 | 43. Atopic eczema, seborhoic dermatitis |
| 44 | 44. Intertrigo, purulent skin disorders |
| 45 | 45. Child abuse and neglect syndrome (CAN) |
| 46 | 46. Disordes of carbohydrate metabolism |
| 47 | 47. Disorders of lipid metabolism |
| 48 | 48. Disorders of aminoacids metabolism |
| 49 | 49. Lysosomal disorders |
| Topic 3 (TO3) | |
| 1 | 1. Neuroinfections, dif.dg. and treatment |
| 2 | 2. Developmental delay, dif.dg. and treatment |
| 3 | 3. Neuromuscular disorders, dif. dg. |
| 4 | 4. Hypotonia of neonate and infant, dif. dg. |
| 5 | 5. Failure to thrive in infancy and toddler age, dif. dg. |
| 6 | 6. Abdominal pain, dif. dg. |
| 7 | 7. Vomiting, dif. dg. |
| 8 | 8. Diarrhoe, dif. dg. |
| 9 | 9. Stooling, constipation disorders, dif. dg. |
| 10 | 10. Proteinuria in children, dif. dg. |
| 11 | 11. Hematuria in children, dif. dg. |
| 12 | 12. Polyuria, dif. dg. |
| 13 | 13. Cough, dif. dg. |
| 14 | 14. Hypertension, dif. dg. |
| 15 | 15. Hypoglycemia, dif. dg. |
| 16 | 16. Joint swelling, dif. dg. |
| 17 | 17. Musculoskeletal pain, dif. dg. |
| 18 | 18. Anemia, dif. dg. |
| 19 | 19. Hyperbilirubinemia, dif. dg. and treatment |
| 20 | 20. Hepatopathy and hepatomegaly, dif. dg. |
| 21 | 21. Splenomegaly, dif. dg. |
| 22 | 22. Gastrointestinal bleeding, dif. dg. |
| 23 | 23. Immunodeficiencies, dif. dg. |
| 24 | 24. Common childhood exanthems, dif. dg. |
| 25 | 25. Oedema, dif. dg. |
| 26 | 26. Growth disorder, dif. dg. |
| 27 | 27. Disorders of calcium-phosphosphate metabolism, dif. dg. |
| 28 | 28. Thyroid gland disorders, dif. dg. |
| 29 | 29. Premature and delayed puberty, dif. dg. |
| 30 | 30. Lymfadenopathy, dif.dg. |
| 31 | 31. Fever, hyperpyrexia, body temperature: definitious, therapy |
| 32 | 32. Headache, dif. dg. |
| 33 | 33. Heart murmur, dif. dg. |
| 34 | 34. Malabsorption syndromes in children, dif. dg. |
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The student will draw questions at random, one from each of the three topic areas (paediatric propaedeutics, special paediatrics, differential diagnosis in paediatrics) and another question from radiology with an x-ray to be described. The x-ray will be an image of one of the following body systems: lung x-ray, GIT, kidney or urinary pathways, CNS, or bones. Each question will be graded as 1, 2 or 3 (= passed), or 4 (= failed). The examination in paediatrics is a complex one and the questions are mere guidelines for the course of the part of the Rigorous State Examination, and in testing the student’s knowledge it may overlap with some other subjects as well. The Examining Board can interrupt the examination at any moment in order to ballot about the grading. If the student is graded as “failed” for any question (theoretical from any topic area or the x-ray image), the examination will not be continued and the total grade for the part of the Rigorous State Examination is “failed”. Grading of the particular questions as well as the total outcome – grading of the part of the Rigorous State Examination – is decided on by ballot in the Examining Board. Last update: MSOCH (29.09.2020)
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Behrman E., Kliegman R.M.: Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics, Saunders, 2007 Last update: Albrechtová Blanka (15.03.2023)
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From 13.10.2025 students are always tested on three individual questions during the state examination in Pediatrics. These questions are arranged in advance into triplets, the number of which the student draws at random. The questions in this triplet are marked with the letters a), b), and c). If the answer to one question from the triplet is graded as a fail (4), the entire section of the state exam will be graded as a fail (4) and the state exam in Pediatrics will end with a fail. The pediatric state exam also includes an exam on imaging methods. The student draws one of the numbers from 1 to 80 and describes the image appropriately (type of imaging method, part of the body shown, followed by a logical description of the structures, including physiological findings and abnormalities, and finally, the student gives a suspected diagnosis corresponding to the image). The images come from four areas of imaging methods according to anatomical classification: head, chest, abdomen, and skeleton. 1. A. History-taking In Paediatrics B. Epilepsy in children, Febrile Seizures C. Vomiting, Differential Diagnosis
2. A. Physical Exam in Paediatrics, specifics for individual age groups. B. Tuberculosis in Children C. Hypoglycemia, Differential Diagnosis
3. A. Premature newborn: classification of age periods, specific characteristics, Mortality and diseases B. Diabetes Mellitus type 1. C. Joint Swelling, Differential Diagnosis
4. A. Physiological newborn: physical findings of a mature newborn, characteristics of the neonatal period, common diseases B. Cystic Fibrosis C. Disorders of Calcium-phosphate metabolism, Differential Diagnosis
5. A. Preschooler and young-schooler: main characteristics of the period, growth and development, common diseases B. Intrauterine Infections C. Polyuria, Differential Diagnosis.
6. A. Infant and toddler: main milestones of the period, growth and development, common diseases B. Disorders of adrenal glands function C. Gastrointestinal bleeding, Differential Diagnosis
7. A. Adolescent: main characteristics of the period, growth and development, common diseases, HEADSS B. Liver Diseases in Paediatrics C. Hypertension, Differential Diagnosis.
8. A. Assessment of growth and development, growth charts analysis B. Congenital heart disease and malformations C. Diarrhea, Differential Diagnosis
9. A. Breastfeeding (composition of breast milk, comparison with artificial milk formula, importance, contraindications) B. Disorders of sexual differentiation C. Abdominal pain, Differential Diagnosis 10. A. Nutrition of the child in infancy and toddler age, risks of alternative diets B. Cardiomyopathy and heart arrhythmias in children C. Neuroinfections, Differential Diagnosis and treatment
11. A. Artificial milk formulas, types of formulas and their use in clinical practice B. Disorders of adenohypophysis C. Fever, hyperpyrexia, body temperature: definitions, therapy
12. A. Basic and advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation of newborn and child B. Congenital malformations of respiratory tract C. Failure to thrive (FTT) in infancy and toddler age, Differential Diagnosis
13. A. Acute expiratory dyspnea – clinical manifestation, Differential Diagnosis, therapeutic approach B. Inflammatory bowel diseases C. Hematuria in children, Differential Diagnosis.
14. A. Acute inspiratory dyspnea – clinical manifestation, Differential Diagnosis, therapeutic approach B. Diseases of the gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas in children C. Neuromuscular diseases, Differential Diagnosis.
15. A. Foreign body in airways and gastrointestinal tract B. Nephrotic syndrome C. Developmental delay, Differential Diagnosis and treatment.
16. A. Allergic reaction, anaphylactic shock B. Congenital malformation of gastrointestinal tract C. Hypotonia of newborn and infant, Differential Diagnosis
17. A. The most common intoxications in childhood and their therapy B. Pneumonia in children C. Proteinuria in children, Differential Diagnosis
18. A. Burn injury B. Acute glomerulonephritis, nephritic syndrome C. Musculoskeletal pain, Differential Diagnosis
19. A. Acute abdomen in paediatrics, signs and symptoms, Differential Diagnosis, therapy B. Peri-, myocarditis and endocarditis in children C. Common childhood exanthems, Differential Diagnosis
20. A. Oral and parenteral rehydration, realimentation B. Asthma bronchiale C. Hyperbilirubinemia, Differential Diagnosis, treatment
21. A. Specific Features of Pediatric Pharmacotherapy B. Acute and Chronic Renal Failure C. Thyroid Gland Disorders, Differential Diagnosis
22. A. Immunisations: Principles and its importance, Vaccination schedule, Obligatory and voluntary Immunisations, Adverse effects B. Urinary Tract Infections in Children C. Premature and Delayed Puberty, Differential Diagnosis
23. A. Neonatal Screening – clinical and laboratory B. Primary Systemic Vasculitis C. Malabsorption Syndromes in Children, Differential Diagnosis
24. A. Preventive examination in Primary Pediatric Care, Screening in Paediatrics B. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, Clinical Manifestations and Treatment C. Heart Murmurs, Differential Diagnosis
25. A. Early Neonatal Care, Postnatal Adaptation and First Examination by Paediatrician after birth. B. Systemic Autoimmune Disorders C. Headache, Meningeal signs, Differential Diagnosis.
26. A. Life-threatening Congenital Malformations in a newborn B. Gastroesophageal Reflux, Infant Colic C. Lymphadenopathy, Differential Diagnosis
27. A. Birth traumas B. Leukemia and Lymphoma in children C. Growth Disorders, Differential Diagnosis
28. A. Genetic testing in Paediatrics, Chromosomal aberrations, Types of inheritance and associated diseases. B. Syndrome of risky behavior in adolescence, Drug-abuse, Possibilities of intervention C. Hepatopathy and Hepatomegaly, Differential Diagnosis
29. A. Specific Features of Biochemistry and Hematology Tests in Children B. Reactive arthritis, Rheumatic fever, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis C. Splenomegaly, Differential Diagnosis.
30. A. Blood-gas and Acid-Base status analyses, interpretation B. Micturition Disorders and Enuresis, Dysuria, Anuria, Oliguria C. Anaemia, Differential Diagnosis.
31. A. Pneumopathies in newborns, RDS B. Parasitic infections C. Collapse, Syncope in children, Differential Diagnosis
32. A. Apnoea, Acute life-threatening conditions in infancy (ALTE/BRUE, SIDS), Differential Diagnosis B. Congenital and Acquired Coagulopathies in Children C. Immunodeficiencies, Differential Diagnosis.
33. A. Shock (classification, causes, treatment) (classification, causes, treatment) B. Congenital Malformations of the Urinary Tract C. Stooling, Constipation disorders, Anal prolapse, Differential Diagnosis
34. A. Child abuse and neglect syndrome (CAN) B. Disorders of Lipid Metabolism C. Oedema, Differential Diagnosis
35. A. ADHD, specific learning disabilities, autism B. Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism C. Disorders of Consciousness, Convulsions, Differential, First aid
36. A. Vitamin Deficiency in childhood B. Lysosomal Disorders C. Cough, Differential Diagnosis
37. A. Obesity, Treatment, and Complications B. Perinatal Hypoxia and Asphyxia, HIE, Therapy C. Cardiac Failure in children, Causes, Clinical manifestations, Treatment
38. A. Neonatal sepsis – Early and Late, Causes, Clinical Manifestations, Treatment B. Intertrigo, Atopic eczema, Seborrheic dermatitis C. Respiratory failure in children, Causes, Clinical manifestations, Treatment 39. A. Eating disorders B. Tumours in children C. Chest pain in children, Differential Diagnosis
40. A. Acute gastroenteritis in children, causes, clinical manifestations, treatment B. Disorders of amino acids metabolism C. Cyanosis in children, Differential Diagnosis. Last update: Albrechtová Blanka (28.08.2025)
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