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This course examines the role of error in the history of science and the structure of human knowledge through the works of Gaston Bachelard, Georges Canguilhem, and Michel Foucault. We will explore the epistemological implications of the fallibilist principle, which holds that truth only holds meaning when it is expressed in a way that allows for refutation. Moving beyond the Cartesian focus on evidence and certainty as the bedrock of unbiased science, the course emphasizes the self-correcting nature of scientific inquiry, as well as its social, discursive, and technical dimensions.
Last update: Švec Ondřej, doc., Ph.D. (05.02.2025)
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Podmínkou získání atestu je: - pravidelná a aktivní účast - referát k jednomu z rozebíraných témat (v případě, že budou všechny referáty obsazeny, lze alternativně vypracovat písemnou práci v rozsahu 5-8 normostran; práci je třeba odevzdat do 15. června 2025). Last update: Švec Ondřej, doc., Ph.D. (05.02.2025)
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Bachelard, G. (1934), Le Nouvel Esprit scientifique, Alcan, Paris./ G. Bachelard, The New Scientific Spirit, trans. A. Goldhammer, Boston: Beacon Press, 1984. Bachelard, G. (1970), “L’idéalisme discursif,” in: Etudes, Vrin, Paris, pp. 87–98. Braunstein, J.-F. (2012), “Historical Epistemology, Old and New,” in: H. Schmidgen & P. Schöttler & J.-F. Braunstein (eds.), Epistemology and History, Max Planck Institut, Berlin, pp. 33–40. G. Canguilhem, The Normal and the Pathological, trans. C. R. Fawcett, with an introduction by M. Foucault, New York: Zone Books, 1991. Canguilhem, G. (1957). “Sur une épistémologie concordataire“ in: G. Bouligand (ed.), Hommage à Gaston Bachelard. Études de philosophie et d’histoire des sciences, PUF, Paris, pp. 3–12. Peirce, C. S. (1868), “Some Consequences of Four Incapacities”, The Journal of Speculative Philosophy 2(3), pp. 140–57. Peirce, C. S. (1931–5), The Collected Papers, C. Hartshorne & P. Weiss (eds.), HUP, Cambridge, MA. Popper, K. R. (1934/1959), The Logic of Scientific Discovery, Basic Books, New York. Popper, K. R. (1963/2002), Conjectures and Refutations Routledge, London. Sellars, W. (1956), “Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind,” in: H. Feigl & M. Scriven (eds.), Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. I, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp. 253–329. Wittgenstein, L. (1969), On Certainty, G. E. M. Anscombe & G. H. von Wright (eds.), Basil Blackwell, Oxford. Last update: Švec Ondřej, doc., Ph.D. (06.02.2025)
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