SubjectsSubjects(version: 978)
Course, academic year 2025/2026
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Anthropology of North Africa: history, religion and culture of the region - AETV00014
Title: Anthropology of North Africa: history, religion and culture of the region
Guaranteed by: Department of Ethnology and Central European and Balkan Studies (21-UESEBS)
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Actual: from 2025
Semester: summer
Points: 0
E-Credits: 6
Examination process: summer s.:combined
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:1/1, Ex [HT]
Capacity: 55 / unknown (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: yes
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: English
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Note: course can be enrolled in outside the study plan
enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: doc. PhDr. Petr Janeček, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): Mgr. Štěpán Kabeš
Class: A – Mezioborová nabídka VP: Filosofie, náboženství
A – Mezioborová nabídka VP: Historické vědy
A – Mezioborová nabídka VP: Sociální vědy
Exchange - 08.3 History
Exchange - 14.7 Anthropology
Exchange - 14.9 Others-Social Sciences
Incompatibility : AET100999
Annotation -
The course offers students a foundational orientation in the history, religion, and culture of North Africa. It provides a survey of significant anthropological perspectives, drawing on the works of both Western and indigenous anthropologists, ethnographers, historians, and prominent travelers. Reflecting the lecturer’s research specialization, particular emphasis is placed in the concluding lectures on Sufi orders and therapeutic possession rituals in Morocco and Egypt. Students will engage with a diverse range of perspectives through a curated selection of films, fiction, scholarly literature, and even a graphic memoir (comics).

The course is primarily designed for Erasmus+ international students, though it remains open to other interested students, subject to capacity.
Last update: Kabeš Štěpán, Mgr. (02.02.2026)
Aim of the course

On completion of this course, the student will be able to:

  • Acquire a fundamental understanding of contemporary North African societies through an approach that prioritizes anthropological themes and ethnographic methodology.

  • Engage critically and reflectively with diverse texts, taking responsibility for their own learning process.

  • Collaborate through peer-review, providing and receiving constructive feedback on presentations to foster academic improvement.

  • Identify and discuss the contributions of essential anthropologists and their key works related to the North African region.

Last update: Kabeš Štěpán, Mgr. (02.02.2026)
Course completion requirements
  • Attendance & Participation (30%): Regular attendance is required (max. 3 absences, counted from the date of registration). Further absences due to external circumstances must be compensated by an additional question during the final examination for each absence exceeding the limit.

  • Class Presentations (30%): Each student will deliver one or two presentations (approx. 15 minutes) based on the assigned readings.

  • Final Examination (40%): A final exam covering the key themes and literature discussed throughout the semester.

Last update: Kabeš Štěpán, Mgr. (02.02.2026)
Literature

Literature: (one of the bold ones is mandatory - agreed chapters - ca. 100 p. or more)

Abun-Nasr Jamil M. 1987. A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cesari Jocelyne. 2014. The Awakening of Muslim Democracy : Religion Modernity and the State. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Crapanzano Vincent. 2010. Tuhami : Portrait of a Moroccan Pbk. ed. [Nachdr.] ed. Chicago Ill: University of Chicago Press.

El Hamel Chouki. 2014. Black Morocco : A History of Slavery Race and Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hafez Sherine and Susan Slyomovics. 2013. Anthropology of the Middle East and North Africa : Into the New Millennium. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Ibrāhīm Ṣunʻ Allāh and Robyn Cresswell. 2013. That Smell and : Notes from Prison. New York: New Directions Pub. (fiction/memoirs)

Leonard Douglas W. 2020. Anthropology Colonial Policy and the Decline of French Empire in Africa. London UK: Bloomsbury Academic.

Lewis Bernard. 1993. The Arabs in History Sixth edition [New edition] ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Mazrui Ali AlʻAmin. 1977. The Warrior Tradition in Modern Africa. Leiden: Brill.

Mernissi Fatima. 1987. Beyond the Veil : Male-Female Dynamics in Modern Muslim Society Revised ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Mernissi Fatima. 1995. Dreams of Trespass : Tales of a Harem Girlhood. Cambridge Mass: Perseus Books. (fiction/memoirs)

Naylor Phillip Chiviges. 2015. North Africa : A History from Antiquity to the Present

(version Revised edition) Revised ed. Austin TX: University Of Texas Press.

Sattouf Riad. 2016. The Arab of the Future : A Graphic Memoir. Volume 1 a Childhood in the Middle East 1978-1984. London: Two Roads. (comic book/memoirs)

Shukrī Muḥammad and Paul Bowles. 1973. For Bread Alone. London: P. Owen. (fiction/memoirs)

Films:

  • Cairo Station (Báb al-Hadíd, 1958), Youssef Chahine, Egypt

  • The Battle of Algiers (La battaglia di Algeri, 1966), Gillo Pontecorvo, Algeria / Italy

  • Khartoum (Khartoum, 1966), Basil Dearden, United Kingdom (Set in Sudan)

  • Lion of the Desert (Lion of the Desert, 1980), Moustapha Akkad, Libya / USA

  • The Silences of the Palace (Samt el Qusur, 1994), Moufida Tlatli, Tunisia

  • Kandisha (Kandisha, 2008), Jerome Cohen-Olivar, Morocco

  • Of Gods and Men (Des hommes et des dieux, 2010), Xavier Beauvois, France (Set in Algeria)

  • The Blue Caftan (Le Bleu du caftan, 2022), Maryam Touzani, Morocco
  • Horses of God (Les chevaux de Dieu, 2012), Nabil Ayouch, Morocco

  • Timbuktu (Timbuktu, 2014), Abderrahmane Sissako, Mauritania / France


Documentary films, maps etc.:
The History of Africa: Every Year (animated map)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzKejJIwieE&t=15s&ab_channel=OllieBye

Berbers: Ancient Origins of North African Civilization
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMv9Gyc08P8&ab_channel=KingsandGenerals

The History of North Africa Explained (Morocco,Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kyBNJAs1HWc&t=25s&ab_channel=Epimetheus

The Life of Muhammad (2011) – 3 Vols.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_Rqu_sNBZ8&ab_channel=STVDZ

How Muhammad became prophet of Islam | Early Islamic History
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMuBLhUd68A&ab_channel=HistoryScope

Spread of Islam (animated map)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBaZYtrln54&ab_channel=CostasMelas

Muslim Schism: How Islam Split into the Sunni and Shia Branches
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-85dXjgMiSU&ab_channel=KingsandGenerals

History of Islam, Branches and Schools of Islam (animated map)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WNLthnP2a_s&ab_channel=CostasMelas

The Islamic World: 1000 Years in 18 Minutes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpcgXTnd_74&ab_channel=HowSo

History Summarized: Medieval Spain & Al-Andalus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJWjDVrxrhI&t=124s&ab_channel=OverlySarcasticProductions

Berber Empires: Zirids, Almoravids and Almohads
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LeArDH86dRU&t=10s&ab_channel=KingsandGenerals

History of Africa from the 16th to the 20th Century
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YsBiDfoPaEw&t=12s&ab_channel=Jabzy

Map of the distribution of the predominant Islamic madhhab
(school of thought within fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence))
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Madhhab_Map3.png

Why did the Fatimid Caliphate collapse?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUbpWAfl7P0&ab_channel=Knowledgia

Why did the Ayyubid Empire Collapse?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K67bxLBgUeE&ab_channel=Knowledgia

Rags to Riches — The Rise and Fall of Mamluk Egypt
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnwUcTVcf70&ab_channel=CommanderRadix

The History Of The Ottoman Empire
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajRdOHmYw74&ab_channel=ThisIsHistory

The Greatest Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sknfC91xEN4&t=1s&ab_channel=HikmaHistory

The 1881 French Conquest of Tunisia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pm3xx9g1By4&ab_channel=StoicHistorian

How France And Spain Stole Morocco
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5UGhra9hs0M&ab_channel=StoicHistorian

Islam in Africa - History Of Africa with Zeinab Badawi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tcF-e6RhLzU&ab_channel=BBCNewsAfrica

North Africa - History Of Africa with Zeinab Badawi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCKPyAHgX7U&t=427s&ab_channel=BBCNewsAfrica

Slavery and Suffering - History Of Africa with Zeinab Badawi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajI8lkYdmAk&ab_channel=BBCNewsAfrica

Kongo and the Scramble for Africa - History Of Africa with Zeinab Badawi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0v_SwObQns&ab_channel=BBCNewsAfrica

Resistance and Liberation - History Of Africa with Zeinab Badawi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlwGz3BgUZM&ab_channel=BBCNewsAfrica

Emir Abdelkader: The Sufi Muslim Warrior Who Protected Christians
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqjgPr3zlBE&t=623s

Last update: Kabeš Štěpán, Mgr. (12.02.2026)
Syllabus

Lecture 1

Introduction to the Course

  • Overview: Course objectives, requirements, and assessment rules.

  • Introductory Debate: Assessing students' current awareness and interest in the topic.

  • Introductory Assignment: Students are requested to submit a brief introductory text (approx. two paragraphs) via email. This text should outline their current level of knowledge, their personal or academic relationship to the topic, and their motivation for taking the course. This information will help tailor the course materials to the students' needs.

Preparatory Self-Study (for Week 2)

To facilitate a smoother start to the lectures, students are encouraged to gain a basic orientation in the following areas:

  • Foundations of Islam: Its origins, core tenets, and historical spread (with a specific focus on North Africa).

  • Geography: A basic overview of current state entities in North Africa, the Sahel, and the Middle East.

Note on Resources: In addition to the literature listed in SIS, students may use Wikipedia or standard encyclopedias for this initial orientation. While this preparation is not mandatory, it is highly recommended for a better understanding of the upcoming lectures.

2. Historical and Geographical Grand Tour through Pre-modern North Africa

  • Key points: General history and the expansion of Islam; The Sunni-Shia schism; Al-Andalus and Medieval Spain; The Berber Empires
    (Zirids, Almoravids, and Almohads).

  • Dynamics of Power: The rise and fall of the Fatimid Caliphate, the Ayyubid Empire, and Mamluk Egypt; The reign of Sultan Moulay Ismail.

3. From Napoleon to WWII: The Colonial Era

  • Key points: Napoleon’s Egyptian campaign and the "clash of civilizations"; The decline of the Ottoman Empire ("The Sick Man of Europe"); The triangular trade and early colonial presence.

  • Resistance and Modernization: The Muhammad Ali dynasty and enlightened modernization; Resistance leaders (Abdel Kadir, Abd el-Krim, Omar al-Mukhtar); The Berlin Conference and the "Scramble for Africa."

  • Conflict: The Pieds-Noirs; The Mahdist War (Gordon and Kitchener); Impact of the World Wars and Operation Torch.


4. The Decline and Fall of European Empires in North Africa

  • Key points: Hubert Lyautey’s legacy; Movements for national liberation and the struggle for independence; The collapse of colonial structures.

  • Key Events: The Dinshaway Incident and Saad Zaghlul; The Algerian War of Independence; The Sétif and Guelma massacres; The role of the National Liberation Front (FLN).


5. Searching for New Paths: Post-colonial Development

  • Key points: Comparative analysis of post-colonial Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, Algeria, and Morocco; Theories of Postcolonialism and Neocolonialism.

  • Political Movements: The Free Officers Movement and Gamal Abdel Nasser; The Suez Crisis; The Muslim Brotherhood (Hassan al-Banna, Sayyid Qutb); The eras of Sadat, Mubarak, and al-Sisi.

  • Regional Conflicts & Transitions: The Polisario Front and the "Green March"; Independent Algeria and the Civil War (FIS); The Arab Spring: From Mohamed Bouazizi to the National Dialogue Quartet; The regime of Muammar Gaddafi.


6. North Africa’s Ethnic and Religious Diversity

  • Key points: The position of religious and ethnic minorities (Christians, Jews, and Sub-Saharan Africans); The legacy of the trans-Saharan slave trade.

  • Jewish Heritage: Mizrahi and Sephardic traditions; The "Golden Age" and the Reconquista; Maimonides.

  • Christianity in Africa: Christian Berber kingdoms; Saint Augustine; The Coptic Orthodox Church and Saint Catherine’s Monastery.

7. The Old "Oriental" Masters: Medieval Travelers and Thinkers

  • Key points: Portraits of medieval scholars and their contributions; An emic perspective on North African society.

  • Intellectual Heritage: Ibn Khaldun and the Muqaddimah; The philosophy of Ibn Rushd (Averroes) and Ibn Tufail; The University of al-Qarawiyyin in Fez.

  • Mapping the World: The cartography of the Tabula Rogeriana; The travels of Ibn Battuta and the legacy of Leo Africanus.


8. The Old "Occidental" Masters: Early Western Scholarship

  • Key points: Traditional Western perspectives on North African societies through the lens of late 19th and early 20th-century scholars.

  • Prominent Figures: Vivant Denon and the Napoleonic influence; Edward William Lane and Richard Francis Burton; The orientalist explorations of Edward Henry Palmer.

  • Ethnographic Pioneers: The fieldwork and legacy of Alois Musil, Edvard Westermarck, and Edmond Doutté.


9. The North African Connection: Post-War Anthropology

  • Key points: The shifting paradigms of Western anthropology in the second half of the 20th century; Reflexivity and thick description.

  • Theoretical Frameworks: Ernest Gellner’s segmentary theory; Clifford Geertz and the interpretive turn; Talal Asad’s critique of the category of religion.

  • Reflexive Ethnography: Paul Rabinow, Kevin Dwyer, and Vincent Crapanzano (focusing on Tuhami: Portrait of a Moroccan).


10. Beyond the Veil: Gender Dynamics in Muslim Societies

  • Key points: Analysis of male-female dynamics; Female strategies of agency and compensation in traditional social structures.

  • Discourse on Reform: Qasim Amin and the beginnings of Arab feminism; Fatema Mernissi and Leila Ahmed; The evolution of Family Law.

  • Societal Issues: Debates on polygamy and female genital mutilation (FGM); The gritty realism of Mohamed Choukri’s literature.


11. Of Jinn and Men: Possession in Islamic Tradition

  • Key points: The concept of jinn across scriptural, Sufi, and popular Islamic traditions; Categories of spirits and their social roles.

  • Healing and Protection: Ruqya (Islamic exorcism) and the Verse of the Throne (Ayat al-Kursi); Prophetic medicine and the cult of saints (maraboutism).

  • Sacred Geography: Pilgrimages, shrines, and the legendary King of Jinn, Sidi Shamharush.


12. Possession Rituals in Morocco, Egypt, and Sudan

  • Key points: A comparative analysis of four possession-healing rituals; Sufism in North Africa (Tariqas, Zawiyas, and Dhikr).

  • The Anthropological Experience: Presentation of original video material from the lecturer’s field research in Morocco; Hands-on demonstration of ritual artifacts.

  • Mystical Brotherhoods: Adorcism and the rituals of the ʿÍsāwa, Hamadsha, Gnāwa, and Jilāla; The folklore and terror of ʿAisha Qandisha.

  • (Reference: Kabeš, Š. Marocké léčebné rituály. Prague: Charles University, 2019).

Last update: Kabeš Štěpán, Mgr. (02.02.2026)
 
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