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The lecture covers the wide area of the yeast biology: yeast cytology, regulation of the cell cycle,aging, apoptosis, mating, meiosis and sporulation, killer phenomenon, nuclear and mitochondrial genome, prions, transposons, yeast metabolism , taxonomy, yeast as pathogens, yeasts in industry, ecology of yeasts. The emphasis is laid on recent progress in understanding of the yeast genetics and molecular biology.
References: The yeasts, Vol. 1-6, Ed. A.H.Rose, J.S.Harrison, Academic Press,1987-1995 The molecular and cellular biology of the yeast Saccharomyces, Vol.1-3, Ed. J.R.Pringle, J.R.Broach, E.W.Jones, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1991-1997 Last update: Janderová Blanka, doc. RNDr., CSc. (04.09.2013)
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Janderová B., Bendová O.: Úvod do biologie kvasinek, skriptum, Nakladatelství Karolinum 1999 Rose A.H., Harrison J.S.: The yeasts, Vol. 1 - 6, 1987 - 1995 Broach J.R., Pringle J.R., Jones E.W.: The molecular and cellular biology of the yeast Saccharomyces, Vol. 1 -3, 1991-1997 Šipický M., Šubík J.: Genetika kvasiniek, 1992 Kocková - Kratochvílová A.: Taxonómia kvasiniek a kvasinkovitých mikroorganismov, 1990 Pospíšek M.: Kvasinkové dsRNA viry II, Biologické listy, 63: 115-138, 1998 Horová I., Janderová B.: Dimorfismus u Saccharomyces cerevisiae: pseudohyfální růst jako projev alternativního buněčného cyklu, Biologické listy, 63: 1-16, 1998 http://www.bio.net:80/hyper. mail/YEAST/ - kvasinky na Internetu http://genome-www.stanford.edu./Saccharomyces/ - genom S. cerevisiae Last update: Vopálenská Irena, Mgr., Ph.D. (13.09.2018)
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Please note, the lectures are given in czech language only. 1. Introduction. Yeast definition, importance and exploitation of yeasts. Requirements on milieu ? water, temperature, oxygen. Yeast cultures in liquid and on solid medium. Cell morphology, modes of propagation, cell types. 2. Cytology. Capsule, cell wall, scars, flocculation, plasma membrane, secretion pathways, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton. 3. Cell cycle. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Phases of the cell cycle, Start ? selection of developmental possibilities, gene regulation, cyclins, signal pathways, polarised growth of the bud, pseudohyphal growth. Senescence and apoptosis. 4. Sexual reproduction of the yeasts. S. cerevisiae, Sch. pombe, other yeasts. Life cycle of basidiomycetous yeasts. Genetic determination of mating type, homothallism, heterothallism, conjugation, pheromones, receptors, agglutinins, pheromone signal pathway. Sporulation ? morphological, biochemical processes, genetic determination, spores. 5. Nuclear genome. Methods of its study, sequencing of the genome, variability, characteristics of the genome of various yeasts, transcriptome, proteome, artificial yeast chromosomes, transposons, prions. 2 ?m plasmid. 6. Mitochondrial genome. Sizes and organization of mtDNA, genetic map, mitochondrial mutants, respiratory deficient mutants, transfer of mtDNA. 7. Killer phenomenon. Killer strains with dsRNA, cytoplasmatic DNA, nuclear ?killer genes?, characteristics of various killer systems, modes of action, exploitation of killer phenomenon. Yeasts ? predators. 8. Metabolism. Import of the chemicals into the cell, sources of carbon and energy, sources of nitrogen, carbohydrate reserves. Metabolic regulations ? catabolic repression, Pasteur effect, Custers effect, Kluyver effect. Pathways of the sensoring of nutrients. Yeast ATPases. 9.Pathogenic yeasts. Types, identification, genetic determinants of virulence. 10.Industrially important yeasts. 11.Taxonomy of the yeasts. Last update: Vopálenská Irena, Mgr., Ph.D. (28.10.2019)
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