Chinese Healthcare System in Welfare State Typology
Thesis title in Czech: | Zdravotní systém v Číně pohledem typologie welfare State |
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Thesis title in English: | Chinese Healthcare System in Welfare State Typology |
Key words: | Welfare State Typology; China; Chinese Health Care System; Health Decommodification Index |
English key words: | Welfare State Typology; China; Chinese Health Care System; Health Decommodification Index |
Academic year of topic announcement: | 2017/2018 |
Thesis type: | diploma thesis |
Thesis language: | angličtina |
Department: | Department of Public and Social Policy (23-KVSP) |
Supervisor: | Ing. Zuzana Kotherová, Ph.D. |
Author: | hidden![]() |
Date of registration: | 15.02.2021 |
Date of assignment: | 15.02.2021 |
Date and time of defence: | 23.06.2021 09:00 |
Venue of defence: | Pekařská 16 |
Date of electronic submission: | 02.05.2021 |
Date of proceeded defence: | 23.06.2021 |
Opponents: | Mgr. Ing. Olga Angelovská, Ph.D. |
URKUND check: | ![]() |
References |
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2019. Hospital Resources 2017–18: Australian Hospital Statistics.
https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/hospitals/hospital-resources-2017-18-ahs/contents/hospitals-and-average-available-beds. Bambra, C. (2004). The worlds of welfare: illusory and gender-blind?. Social policy and society, 3(3), 201-212. Bambra, C. (2005a). Cash versus services: ‘worlds of welfare’ and the decommodication of cash benefits and health care services. ResearchGate, 34(2), 195-213. Bambra, C. (2005b). Worlds of welfare and the health care discrepancy. ResearchGate, 4(1), 31-41 Bambra, C. (2006). Health status and the worlds of welfare. Social policy and society., 5(1), 53-62. Burns, L.R. & Huang, Y.. (2017). History of China's healthcare system. Castles, F. G., (2017). Worlds of welfare and families of nations. Families of Nations: Patterns of public policy in western democracies, 93(94,112). Clarke, A., McCarthy, M., Álvarez-Dardet, C., Sogoric, S., Groenewegen, P., Groot, W., & Delnoij, D. (2007). New Directions in European public health research: report of a workshop. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 61(3), 194-197. Claudia, D.I., & Costin, R.I. (2018). Implications of welfare states on human development. Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, 18(1), 152-157. Croissant, A. (2004). Changing welfare regimes in East and Southeast Asia: Crisis, change, and challenge. Social Policy & Administration, 38(5), 504-524. Dahlborg, E., Tengelin, E., Aasen, E., Strunck, J., Boman, Å., Ottesen, A. M., ... & Lassen, I. (2020). The struggle between welfare state models and prevailing healthcare policy in Scandinavian healthcare legislative documents. International Journal of Health Governance. Dorn, J. (2019). China’s future development: Challenges and opportunities. Cato Institute. Dougherty, P. J., Chen, C., & Zhang, Y. (2017). CORR® Curriculum—Orthopaedic Education: orthopaedic surgery education in China. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®, 475(1), 35-38. Du, L. (2021). State-building and the establishment of the modern healthcare system in China. Journal of Modern Chinese History, 1-18. doi: 10.1080/17535654.2020.1847470 Engel, U. & Jann, B. (2014). Improving Survey Methods: Lessons from Recent Research. 1st ed. New York: Routledge. Esping-Andersen, Gøsta. 1990. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Princeton University Press. Eurostat. 2020. “Healthcare Resource Statistics - Beds.” https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Healthcare_resource_statistics_-_beds#Hospital_beds (April 24, 2021). Flatø, H., & Zhang, H. (2016). Inequity in level of healthcare utilization before and after universal health coverage reforms in China: evidence from household surveys in Sichuan Province. International Journal for Equity in Health, 15(1). doi: 10.1186/s12939-016-0385- Gao, Q. (2017). Welfare, work, and poverty: Social assistance in China. New York: Oxford University Press. Gencer, H, (2018). How to classify the Chinese welfare state. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320344281_How_to_Classify_the_Chinese_Welfare_State Hai, Gu, Ma Chao, and Ji Li. 2015. “The Gap between Urban and Rural Areas in the Medical Field and the Injustice between Urban and Rural Areas.” Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition) 15(4): 53–61 Hair, J. (2015). Essentials of Business Research Methods. Washington, M.E Sharpe. Huang, X. (2020). Social protection under authoritarianism: Health politics and policy in China. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Huang, X., & Wu, B. (2020). Impact of urban-rural health insurance integration on health care: Evidence from rural China. China Economic Review, 64, 101543. doi: 10.1016/j.chieco.2020.101543 InterNations GO. (2021). Guide to health insurance and HSC| InterNations GO! Community for expatriates & global minds | InterNations. Kasza, G. J. (2002). The illusion of welfare regimes. Journal of social policy, 31, 271. Kelm, H. (2020). Welfare States' Reforming in the Post-crisis European Union. Getting Europe back to work Crisis (re) production and crisis overcoming in Europe, 45. Lai, S., Shen, C., Xu, Y., Yang, X., Si, Y., Gao, J., ... & Chen, G. (2018). The distribution of benefits under China's new rural cooperative medical system: evidence from western rural China. International journal for equity in health, 17(1), 1-14. Li L. (2011). The challenges of healthcare reforms in China. Public health, 125(1), 6–8. Li, L., & Fu, H. (2017). China's health care system reform: Progress and prospects. The International journal of health planning and management, 32(3), 240-253. Li, X., Krumholz, H. M., Yip, W., Cheng, K. K., De Maeseneer, J., Meng, Q., ... & Hu, S. (2020). Quality of primary health care in China: challenges and recommendations. The Lancet, 395(10239), 1802-1812. Li, X., Lu, J., Hu, S., Cheng, K. K., De Maeseneer, J., Meng, Q., & Hu, S. (2017). The primary healthcare system in China. The Lancet, 390(10112), 2584-2594. Marshall, Thomas Humphrey. 1950. Citizenship and Social Class: And Other Essays. Cambridge: University Press. Meng, Q., Mills, A., Wang, L., & Han, Q. (2019). What can we learn from China’s health system reform? BMJ, l2349. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l2349 Miao, Y., Gu, J., Zhang, L., He, R., Sandeep, S., & Wu, J. (2018). Improving the performance of social health insurance system through increasing outpatient expenditure reimbursement ratio: a quasi-experimental evaluation study from rural China. International journal for equity in health, 17(1), 1-13. Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare. 2019. Japan: Handbook of Health and Welfare Statistics 2019. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/database/db-hh/2-2.html%0D%0A. Nation Healthcare Security Administration. 2019. “Statistical Bulletin on Health Insurance Development 2019.” http://www.nhsa.gov.cn/art/2020/6/24/art_7_3268.html (April 24, 2021). National Bureau of Statistics. 2020. The Yearly Book of Health in the People’s Republic of China 2020. Neelankavil, J. P. (2015). International Business Research. Armonk: M E Sharpe. OECD. 2020. “OECD Health Data 2020.” https://stats.oecd.org/ (April 21, 2021). Powell, M. (2015). ‘A Re-Specification of the Welfare State’: Conceptual Issues in ‘The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism’. Social Policy and Society, 14(2), 247-258. doi: 10.1017/s1474746414000529 Powell, M., & Yörük, E. (2017). Straddling two continents and beyond three worlds? The case of Turkey’s welfare regime. New Perspectives on Turkey, 57, 85-114. doi: 10.1017/npt.2017.30 Puteh S., & Almualm Y. (2017). Catastrophic Health Expenditure among Developing Countries. Health Syst Policy Res. 4:1. doi:10.21767/2254-9137.10006 Reibling, N., Ariaans, M., & Wendt, C. (2019). Worlds of healthcare: a healthcare system typology of OECD countries. Health Policy, 123(7), 611-620. Ringen, S., & Ngok, K. (2017). What kind of welfare state is emerging in China?. In towards universal health care in emerging economies (pp. 213-237). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Scruggs, L., & Allan, J. (2006). Welfare-state decommodification in 18 OECD countries: a replication and revision. Journal of European Social Policy, 16(1), 55-72. Statistisches Bundesamt. 2021. “Medical Facilities, Hospital Beds and Movement of Patient.” https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Society-Environment/Health/Hospitals/Tables/gd-hospitals-years.html (April 24, 2021). Sun, Mei et al. 2018. “The Public Health Emergency Management System in China: Trends from 2002 to 2012.” BMC Public Health 18(1): 1–9. Sun, Shuangyi et al. 2021. “COVID-19 and Healthcare System in China: Challenges and Progression for a Sustainable Future.” Globalization and Health 17(1): 1–8. Tao, W., Zeng, Z., Dang, H., Lu, B., Chuong, L., Yue, D., Wen, J., Zhao, R., Li, W., & Kominski, G. F. (2020). Towards universal health coverage: lessons from 10 years of healthcare reform in China. BMJ global health, 5(3), e002086. United Nations. (2020). World Social Report 2020: Inequality in a Rapidly Changing World. New York United Nations. UICC. (2021, April 22). Chinese medical association. UICC | Leading the global fight against cancer. Wang J. & Claudia S. (2010). China's Health Care Reforms. Global management consulting | McKinsey & Company. Wang, Harry H.X. et al. 2015. “The Development of Urban Community Health Centres for Strengthening Primary Care in China: A Systematic Literature Review.” British Medical Bulletin 116(1): 139–53. Wang, Y., & Liu, T. (2020) The “silent reserves” of the patriarchal Chinese welfare system: Women as “hidden” contributors to Chinese social policy. International Journal of Environmental Research, 17(15). Wang, Yongfei, and Liang Zhang. 2019. “Status of Public–Private Partnership Recognition and Willingness to Pay for Private Health Care in China.” International Journal of Health Planning and Management 34(2): e1188–99. WHO. (2019, March 3). Universal health coverage. WHO | World Health Organization. WHO. 2021. “Global Health Expenditure Database.” https://apps.who.int/nha/database (April 18, 2021). Wokutch, R., Zhang, S., & Zhao, X. (2015). Chinese healthcare system and workers' welfare. European J. Of International Management, 7(2), 187. doi: 10.1504/ejim.2013.052853 Yang, X., Chen, M., Du, J., & Wang, Z. (2018). The inequality of inpatient care net benefit under integration of urban-rural medical insurance systems in China. International journal for equity in health, 17(1), 1-12. Yi, I., & United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. (2017). Towards Universal Health Care in Emerging Economies: Opportunities and Challenges. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Yip, W., Fu, H., Chen, A. T., Zhai, T., Jian, W., Xu, R., ... & Chen, W. (2019). 10 years of healthcare reform in China: progress and gaps in universal health coverage. The Lancet, 394(10204), 1192-1204. Sam Yu. 2012. “Contribution of Health Care Decommodification Index to the Analysis of the Marginalisation of East Asian Countries in Comparative Welfare Studies.” Development and Society 41(2): 253–70. Scott, Benjamin K. et al. 2020. “Advanced Digital Health Technologies for COVID-19 and Future Emergencies.” Telemedicine and e-Health 26(10): 1226–33. Zhao, C., Wang, C., Shen, C., & Wang, Q. (2018). China's achievements and challenges in improving health insurance coverage. Drug discoveries & therapeutics, 12(1), 1-6. |
Preliminary scope of work |
The author studied the welfare state typology in China from a health care perspective. This study aims to figure out what type of welfare typology works in Chinese health care system through comparative welfare state typology, specifically the decommodification principle proposed by Esping-Andersen (2019) and health care decommodification index put forward by Bambra (2006). Studying the classification of Chinese welfare state typology by analysing the Chinese health care system and comparing it with other countries in the world within the scope of welfare state typology, helps China enhancing the public administration. The author found that China belongs to medium decommodification group which means it is the same decommodification level as Conservative-Corporatist regimes, but also indicates there’s a huge improvement potential to high decommodification group in the future. |
Preliminary scope of work in English |
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2019. Hospital Resources 2017–18: Australian Hospital Statistics.
https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/hospitals/hospital-resources-2017-18-ahs/contents/hospitals-and-average-available-beds. Bambra, C. (2004). The worlds of welfare: illusory and gender-blind?. Social policy and society, 3(3), 201-212. Bambra, C. (2005a). Cash versus services: ‘worlds of welfare’ and the decommodication of cash benefits and health care services. ResearchGate, 34(2), 195-213. Bambra, C. (2005b). Worlds of welfare and the health care discrepancy. ResearchGate, 4(1), 31-41 Bambra, C. (2006). Health status and the worlds of welfare. Social policy and society., 5(1), 53-62. Burns, L.R. & Huang, Y.. (2017). History of China's healthcare system. Castles, F. G., (2017). Worlds of welfare and families of nations. Families of Nations: Patterns of public policy in western democracies, 93(94,112). Clarke, A., McCarthy, M., Álvarez-Dardet, C., Sogoric, S., Groenewegen, P., Groot, W., & Delnoij, D. (2007). New Directions in European public health research: report of a workshop. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 61(3), 194-197. Claudia, D.I., & Costin, R.I. (2018). Implications of welfare states on human development. Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, 18(1), 152-157. Croissant, A. (2004). Changing welfare regimes in East and Southeast Asia: Crisis, change, and challenge. Social Policy & Administration, 38(5), 504-524. Dahlborg, E., Tengelin, E., Aasen, E., Strunck, J., Boman, Å., Ottesen, A. M., ... & Lassen, I. (2020). The struggle between welfare state models and prevailing healthcare policy in Scandinavian healthcare legislative documents. International Journal of Health Governance. Dorn, J. (2019). China’s future development: Challenges and opportunities. Cato Institute. Dougherty, P. J., Chen, C., & Zhang, Y. (2017). CORR® Curriculum—Orthopaedic Education: orthopaedic surgery education in China. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®, 475(1), 35-38. Du, L. (2021). State-building and the establishment of the modern healthcare system in China. Journal of Modern Chinese History, 1-18. doi: 10.1080/17535654.2020.1847470 Engel, U. & Jann, B. (2014). Improving Survey Methods: Lessons from Recent Research. 1st ed. New York: Routledge. Esping-Andersen, Gøsta. 1990. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Princeton University Press. Eurostat. 2020. “Healthcare Resource Statistics - Beds.” https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Healthcare_resource_statistics_-_beds#Hospital_beds (April 24, 2021). Flatø, H., & Zhang, H. (2016). Inequity in level of healthcare utilization before and after universal health coverage reforms in China: evidence from household surveys in Sichuan Province. International Journal for Equity in Health, 15(1). doi: 10.1186/s12939-016-0385- Gao, Q. (2017). Welfare, work, and poverty: Social assistance in China. New York: Oxford University Press. Gencer, H, (2018). How to classify the Chinese welfare state. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320344281_How_to_Classify_the_Chinese_Welfare_State Hai, Gu, Ma Chao, and Ji Li. 2015. “The Gap between Urban and Rural Areas in the Medical Field and the Injustice between Urban and Rural Areas.” Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition) 15(4): 53–61 Hair, J. (2015). Essentials of Business Research Methods. Washington, M.E Sharpe. Huang, X. (2020). Social protection under authoritarianism: Health politics and policy in China. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Huang, X., & Wu, B. (2020). Impact of urban-rural health insurance integration on health care: Evidence from rural China. China Economic Review, 64, 101543. doi: 10.1016/j.chieco.2020.101543 InterNations GO. (2021). Guide to health insurance and HSC| InterNations GO! Community for expatriates & global minds | InterNations. Kasza, G. J. (2002). The illusion of welfare regimes. Journal of social policy, 31, 271. Kelm, H. (2020). Welfare States' Reforming in the Post-crisis European Union. Getting Europe back to work Crisis (re) production and crisis overcoming in Europe, 45. Lai, S., Shen, C., Xu, Y., Yang, X., Si, Y., Gao, J., ... & Chen, G. (2018). The distribution of benefits under China's new rural cooperative medical system: evidence from western rural China. International journal for equity in health, 17(1), 1-14. Li L. (2011). The challenges of healthcare reforms in China. Public health, 125(1), 6–8. Li, L., & Fu, H. (2017). China's health care system reform: Progress and prospects. The International journal of health planning and management, 32(3), 240-253. Li, X., Krumholz, H. M., Yip, W., Cheng, K. K., De Maeseneer, J., Meng, Q., ... & Hu, S. (2020). Quality of primary health care in China: challenges and recommendations. The Lancet, 395(10239), 1802-1812. Li, X., Lu, J., Hu, S., Cheng, K. K., De Maeseneer, J., Meng, Q., & Hu, S. (2017). The primary healthcare system in China. The Lancet, 390(10112), 2584-2594. Marshall, Thomas Humphrey. 1950. Citizenship and Social Class: And Other Essays. Cambridge: University Press. Meng, Q., Mills, A., Wang, L., & Han, Q. (2019). What can we learn from China’s health system reform? BMJ, l2349. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l2349 Miao, Y., Gu, J., Zhang, L., He, R., Sandeep, S., & Wu, J. (2018). Improving the performance of social health insurance system through increasing outpatient expenditure reimbursement ratio: a quasi-experimental evaluation study from rural China. International journal for equity in health, 17(1), 1-13. Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare. 2019. Japan: Handbook of Health and Welfare Statistics 2019. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/database/db-hh/2-2.html%0D%0A. Nation Healthcare Security Administration. 2019. “Statistical Bulletin on Health Insurance Development 2019.” http://www.nhsa.gov.cn/art/2020/6/24/art_7_3268.html (April 24, 2021). National Bureau of Statistics. 2020. The Yearly Book of Health in the People’s Republic of China 2020. Neelankavil, J. P. (2015). International Business Research. Armonk: M E Sharpe. OECD. 2020. “OECD Health Data 2020.” https://stats.oecd.org/ (April 21, 2021). Powell, M. (2015). ‘A Re-Specification of the Welfare State’: Conceptual Issues in ‘The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism’. Social Policy and Society, 14(2), 247-258. doi: 10.1017/s1474746414000529 Powell, M., & Yörük, E. (2017). Straddling two continents and beyond three worlds? The case of Turkey’s welfare regime. New Perspectives on Turkey, 57, 85-114. doi: 10.1017/npt.2017.30 Puteh S., & Almualm Y. (2017). Catastrophic Health Expenditure among Developing Countries. Health Syst Policy Res. 4:1. doi:10.21767/2254-9137.10006 Reibling, N., Ariaans, M., & Wendt, C. (2019). Worlds of healthcare: a healthcare system typology of OECD countries. Health Policy, 123(7), 611-620. Ringen, S., & Ngok, K. (2017). What kind of welfare state is emerging in China?. In towards universal health care in emerging economies (pp. 213-237). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Scruggs, L., & Allan, J. (2006). Welfare-state decommodification in 18 OECD countries: a replication and revision. Journal of European Social Policy, 16(1), 55-72. Statistisches Bundesamt. 2021. “Medical Facilities, Hospital Beds and Movement of Patient.” https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Society-Environment/Health/Hospitals/Tables/gd-hospitals-years.html (April 24, 2021). Sun, Mei et al. 2018. “The Public Health Emergency Management System in China: Trends from 2002 to 2012.” BMC Public Health 18(1): 1–9. Sun, Shuangyi et al. 2021. “COVID-19 and Healthcare System in China: Challenges and Progression for a Sustainable Future.” Globalization and Health 17(1): 1–8. Tao, W., Zeng, Z., Dang, H., Lu, B., Chuong, L., Yue, D., Wen, J., Zhao, R., Li, W., & Kominski, G. F. (2020). Towards universal health coverage: lessons from 10 years of healthcare reform in China. BMJ global health, 5(3), e002086. United Nations. (2020). World Social Report 2020: Inequality in a Rapidly Changing World. New York United Nations. UICC. (2021, April 22). Chinese medical association. UICC | Leading the global fight against cancer. Wang J. & Claudia S. (2010). China's Health Care Reforms. Global management consulting | McKinsey & Company. Wang, Harry H.X. et al. 2015. “The Development of Urban Community Health Centres for Strengthening Primary Care in China: A Systematic Literature Review.” British Medical Bulletin 116(1): 139–53. Wang, Y., & Liu, T. (2020) The “silent reserves” of the patriarchal Chinese welfare system: Women as “hidden” contributors to Chinese social policy. International Journal of Environmental Research, 17(15). Wang, Yongfei, and Liang Zhang. 2019. “Status of Public–Private Partnership Recognition and Willingness to Pay for Private Health Care in China.” International Journal of Health Planning and Management 34(2): e1188–99. WHO. (2019, March 3). Universal health coverage. WHO | World Health Organization. WHO. 2021. “Global Health Expenditure Database.” https://apps.who.int/nha/database (April 18, 2021). Wokutch, R., Zhang, S., & Zhao, X. (2015). Chinese healthcare system and workers' welfare. European J. Of International Management, 7(2), 187. doi: 10.1504/ejim.2013.052853 Yang, X., Chen, M., Du, J., & Wang, Z. (2018). The inequality of inpatient care net benefit under integration of urban-rural medical insurance systems in China. International journal for equity in health, 17(1), 1-12. Yi, I., & United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. (2017). Towards Universal Health Care in Emerging Economies: Opportunities and Challenges. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Yip, W., Fu, H., Chen, A. T., Zhai, T., Jian, W., Xu, R., ... & Chen, W. (2019). 10 years of healthcare reform in China: progress and gaps in universal health coverage. The Lancet, 394(10204), 1192-1204. Sam Yu. 2012. “Contribution of Health Care Decommodification Index to the Analysis of the Marginalisation of East Asian Countries in Comparative Welfare Studies.” Development and Society 41(2): 253–70. Scott, Benjamin K. et al. 2020. “Advanced Digital Health Technologies for COVID-19 and Future Emergencies.” Telemedicine and e-Health 26(10): 1226–33. Zhao, C., Wang, C., Shen, C., & Wang, Q. (2018). China's achievements and challenges in improving health insurance coverage. Drug discoveries & therapeutics, 12(1), 1-6. |