Reprodukční dělba práce u fakultativně eusociálních blanokřídlých

• Název práce v češtině: Reprodukční dělba práce u fakultativně eusociálních blanokřídlých
• Název v anglickém jazyce: Reproductive division of labor in facultative eusocial Hymenoptera
• Klíčová slova: Příbuznost, mikrosatelitová analýza, evoluce eusociality, Xylocopinae
• Klíčová slova anglicky: Relatedness, microsatellite analysis, evolution of eusociality, Carpenter bees (Xylocopinae),
• Akademický rok vypsání: 2025/2026
• Typ práce: disertační práce
• Jazyk práce: čeština
• Ústav: Katedra zoologie (31-170)
• Vedoucí / školitel: Mgr. Michael Mikát, Ph.D.

Zásady pro vypracování

Biologie sociálního hmyzu
Molekulární ekologie

Seznam odborné literatury

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Předběžná náplň práce

Sociální hmyz hmyzu patří mezi nejúspěšnější a nejzajímavější výsledky evoluce, především díky přítomnosti dělnic – jedinců, kteří rezignují na vlastní reprodukci, aby podpořili reprodukci ostatních členů společenství. Reprodukční altruismus je ústředním konceptem ve studiu společenského hmyzu, avšak podmínky, které umožňují jeho vznik, zůstávají z velké části neznámé. Přestože existuje značné množství teoretického výzkumu o původu reprodukčního altruismu, jen málo studií se zabývalo rozsahem tohoto jevu v jednoduchých hmyzích společenství.
Tento projekt si klade za cíl zkoumat reprodukční dělbu práce u včel z podčeledi Xylocopinae, které vytvářejí jednoduchá společenství čítající jen malý počet jedinců. Pro analýzu reprodukční dělby práce budou vyvinuty a následně použity mikrosatelitové multiplexy. Student bude hodnotit příbuznost jedinců v rámci hnízd u 10 druhů Xylocopinae a srovná tato zjištění s dosud publikovanými studiemi reprodukční dělby práce u fakultativně eusociálních blanokřídlých (Hymenoptera). Konečným cílem je objasnit původ a trvalost reprodukčního rozdělení práce, což přispěje k hlubšímu pochopení evoluce společenského hmyzu.

Předběžná náplň práce v anglickém jazyce

Insect societies are among the most successful and fascinating outcomes of evolution, largely due to the presence of workers—individuals who sacrifice their own reproduction to support the reproduction of others. Reproductive altruism is a central concept in the study of social insects, yet much remains unknown about the conditions that enable its emergence. While a substantial body of theoretical research exists on the origins of reproductive altruism, few studies have investigated the extent of this phenomenon in simple insect societies.
This project seeks to explore reproductive skew in carpenter bees (Xylocopinae), a group characterized by relatively simple social structures, using genetic markers. Student will assess within-nest relatedness across 10 Xylocopinae species and integrate our findings with data from approximately 20 other simple social Hymenoptera species. By identifying the key factors influencing reproductive skew and testing the applicability of existing reproductive skew models, we aim to refine or develop more accurate models. Ultimately, our research seeks to shed light on the origins and persistence of reproductive division of labor, advancing our understanding of the evolution of social insects.