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Komparativní analýza režimů Adnana Menderese a Recepa Tayyipa Erdoğana a dopadů vojenských převratů na jejich vládu.

Název práce v češtině:	Komparativní analýza režimů Adnana Menderese a Recepa Tayyipa Erdoğana a dopadů vojenských převratů na jejich vládu.
Název v anglickém jazyce:	Comparative analysis of the regimes of Adnan Menderes and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and the impacts of the military coups on their reign.
Klíčová slova:	Turecko, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, AK Parti, Adnan Menderes, Demokrat Parti
Klíčová slova anglicky:	Türkiye, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, AK Parti, Adnan Menderes, Demokrat Parti
Akademický rok vypsání:	2023/2024
Typ práce:	diplomová práce
Jazyk práce:	čeština
Ústav:	Katedra ruských a východoevropských studií (23-KRVS)
Vedoucí / školitel:	doc. Adrian Brisku, Ph.D.
Řešitel:	skrytý - zadáno vedoucím/školitelem
Datum přihlášení:	10.10.2023
Datum zadání:	10.10.2023
Datum a čas obhajoby:	19.06.2024 11:00
Místo konání obhajoby:	Areál Jinonice, C321, 321, seminární místnost IMS
Datum odevzdání elektronické podoby:	23.04.2024
Datum proběhlé obhajoby:	19.06.2024
Oponenti:	prof. PhDr. Michal Kubát, Ph.D.

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Použitá literatura
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Předběžná náplň práce

Erdoğan v roce 2010 při pietní akci k uctění památky Menderese prohlásil, že
pochodeň demokracie, kterou Menderes a jeho přátelé zapálili, byla předávána z ruky do
ruky po generace, až se dostala do rukou AK Parti. Yeter! Söz Milletindir!“ neboli „Dost!
Slovo náleží národu!“ je známým sloganem Menderesovy Demokrat Parti, byl to právě
on, první premiér Turecka zvolený ve skutečně svobodných parlamentních volbách, jenž
vnesl do popředí agendu anatolského konzervativního obyvatelstva, skupiny lidí, kteří do
dnešních dnů tvoří páteř středopravicového elektorátu v Turecku, a jejichž politická
preference je značně závislá na antagonismu vůči elitářství kemalistického establishmentu
a tureckého laicismu. Politici AK Parti často označují Menderese, jakožto prvního
politika, jenž vyzval kemalisty na souboj a staví se do role pokračovatele jeho odkazu.
Politika jakéhosi appeasementu vůči anatolské populaci, demokracie jako nástroj boje za
identitu a zájmy těchto lidí, byla politickou identitou jak Demokrat Parti, tak i dnešní AK
Parti, výrazné konstantní volební úspěchy obou stran stály převážně na bedrech této
skupiny tureckého elektorátu. Navíc oba politici čelili vojenským převratům, pro jednoho
tento násilný zásah znamenal politický konec a nakonec za své ideály zaplatil cenu
nejvyšší, pro druhého se puč stal odrazovým můstkem pro ještě větší politický úspěch
Hlavním cílem práce je analyzovat a vzájemně porovnat režimy Adnana Menderese,
trvajícího mezi lety 1950 – 1960, a Recepa Tayyipa Erdoğana, v období od nástupu k moci
v roce 2002 až do pokusu o vojenský převrat roku 2016, především potom srovnat politické
strategie obou politiků, konkrétně analyzovat a porovnat socio-ekonomické reformy a
jejich dopady na životy běžných Turků – jak moc byla jejich politika populistická ve
vztahu k anatolské populaci, do jaké míry jejich režimy inklinovaly k autoritativní formě
vlády, a jak ekonomické reformy ovlivnily hospodářskou kondici země – dále přístup obou
stran k tureckému laicismu – především pak vztah s kemalistickým sekulárním
establishmentem a vypořádání se s odkazem Mustafy Kemala Atatürka - a islámu, v tomto
případě porovnat liberální reformy těchto režimů a jejich spojitost s legalizací islámu ve
věcích veřejných. Na poli zahraniční politiky analyzovat především vztahy se západem a
porovnat zahraničněpolitické cíle obou režimů. Následně detailně přiblížit příčiny a
důsledky obou vojenských převratů a identifikovat, jaké faktory hrály roli v rozdílných
osudech obou politiků.

Předběžná náplň práce v anglickém jazyce

In 2010, Erdoğan, during a commemorative event to honor the memory of
Menderes, stated that the torch of democracy, which Menderes and his friends ignited,
was passed from one generation to another until it reached the hands of the AK Parti.
"Yeter! Söz Milletindir!" or "Enough! The word belongs to the nation!" is the well-known
slogan of Menderes's Demokrat Parti. He was the first Prime Minister of Turkey to be
elected in genuinely free parliamentary elections, and he brought the agenda of the
Anatolian conservative population to the forefront. This group of people continues to be
the backbone of the center-right electorate in Turkey to this day, with their political
preferences heavily influenced by their antagonism towards the elitism of the Kemalist
establishment and Turkish secularism. AK Parti politicians often refer to Menderes as the
first politician to challenge the Kemalists and position themselves as the heirs of his
legacy. The policy of appeasement toward the Anatolian population, democracy as a tool
to fight for the identity and interests of these people, has been a key political identity for
both the Demokrat Parti and today‘s AK Parti. The significant and consistent electoral
successes of both parties were largely built on the support of this Turkish electorate group.
Additionally, both politicians faced military coups, with one experiencing a political
downfall and ultimately paying the highest price for his ideals, while the other used the
coup as a stepping stone to even greater political success.
The main goal of this thesis is to analyze and compare the regimes of Adnan
Menderes, who ruled between 1950 and 1960, and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, from his rise to
power in 2002 until the attempted military coup in 2016. Specifically, it aims to compare
the political strategies of both politicians, focusing on the analysis and comparison of
socio-economic reforms and their impact on the lives of ordinary Turks. The study will
investigate the extent to which their policies were populist in relation to the Anatolian
population, how much their regimes tended towards an authoritarian form of rule and
how economic reforms influenced the country's economic condition. Additionally, it will
examine the approach of both regimes to Turkish secularism, particularly their
relationship with the Kemalist secular establishment and their handling of Mustafa
Kemal Atatürk's legacy, as well as their stance on Islam, comparing the liberal reforms of
these regimes and their connection to the legalization of Islam in public affairs. In the
field of foreign policy, it will primarily analyze relations with the West and compare the
foreign policy goals of both regimes. Subsequently, it will provide a detailed exploration
of the causes and consequences of both military coups and identify the factors that played
a role in the differing fates of both politicians.