Factors influencing the transport mode decision – case of the Czech Republic

• Název práce v češtině: Faktory ovlivňující rozhodnutí o druhu dopravy - případ České republiky
• Název v anglickém jazyce: Factors influencing the transport mode decision – case of the Czech Republic
• Klíčová slova: způsoby dopravy, socio-demografické proměnné, dojíždění do práce, multinomiální logitový model, Česká republika
• Klíčová slova anglicky: transport modes, socio-demographic variables, commuting to work, multinomial logit model, Czech Republic
• Akademický rok vypsání: 2018/2019
• Typ práce: bakalářská práce
• Jazyk práce: angličtina
• Ústav: Institut ekonomických studií (23-IES)
• Vedoucí / školitel: Mgr. Milan Ščasný, Ph.D.
• Řešitel: skrytý - zadáno vedoucím/školitelem
• Datum přihlášení: 19.05.2019
• Datum zadání: 19.05.2019
• Datum a čas obhajoby: 10.06.2020 09:00
• Datum odevzdání elektronické podoby: 06.05.2020
• Datum proběhlé obhajoby: 10.06.2020
• Oponenti: Mgr. Luboš Hanus, Ph.D.

Seznam odborné literatury

BUEHLER, Ralph. Determinants of transport mode choice: a comparison of Germany and the USA. Journal of transport geography, 2011, 19.4: 644-657.

CLARK, Ben; CHATTERJEE, Kiron; MELIA, Steve. Changes to commute mode: The role of life events, spatial context and environmental attitude. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2016, 89: 89-105.

HEINEN, Eva; CHATTERJEE, Kiron. The same mode again? An exploration of mode choice variability in Great Britain using the National Travel Survey. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2015, 78: 266-282.

KOHLOVÁ, Markéta Braun. Cesty městem: o racionalitě každodenního cestování. Sociologické nakladatelství (SLON), 2012.

MEIXELL, Mary J.; NORBIS, Mario. A review of the transportation mode choice and carrier selection literature. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 2008, 19.2: 183-211.

MERCADO, Ruben G., et al. Explaining transport mode use of low-income persons for journey to work in urban areas: a case study of Ontario and Quebec. Transportmetrica, 2012, 8.3: 157-179

PULIKANTI, Shashank; HABIB, Khandker Nurul. Investigating the Choice Making Behaviour of Transport Users: The Role of Psychology and Choice Contexts in Commuting Mode Choice Process. 2016

ŠČASNÝ, Milan, Zvěřinová, Iva, Rajchlová, Zuzana, Kyselá, Eva. Elektromobil: nejdříve do vesmíru, do Česka až po slevě. IDEA 16/2018 (prosinec 2018). Národohospodářský ústav Akademie věd ČR, v.v.i., Praha, ISBN: 978-80-7344-479-2.

ŠČASNÝ, Milan. Passenger Road Transport During Transition and Post-transition Period: Residential Fuel Consumption and Fuel Taxation in the Czech Republic. In: Cars and Carbon. Springer, Dordrecht, 2012. p. 221-246.

ŠČASNÝ, Milan.; URBAN, Jan. Passenger car ownership in the Czech Republic. In: Loster, T., Pavelka, T. International Days of Statistics and Economics. International Conference on International Days of Statistics and Economics. SEP 22-23, 2011, Prague, Czech Republic. 978-80-86175-77-5. pp. 555-70.
TAYLOR, Jean, et al. The travel choices and needs of low income households: The role of the car. The National Centre for Social Research, 2009

Předběžná náplň práce v anglickém jazyce

Research question and motivation

People use transportation daily and there are many factors that have an impact on modal choice. My bachelor thesis aims at modal choice for commuting during working days and plans to answer the following questions: (i) which transport mode is chosen by people more frequently; (ii) how frequency of using different transport modes differ during usual day; and (iii) which household segments are more likely to use particular transport mode, focusing on socio-demographic characteristics (income, education, age, gender), housing and structural variables (a place of living, car ownership, etc.), and attitudinal variables (environmental concern, attitudes, norms). The outcome of my thesis should provide an answer to how each transport mode is used for daily commuting by various groups in the Czech Republic.

My intention is to answer the following questions: Do high-income people use their car since they can afford to own a car or just simply because the rich are strongly in favour of car use? How frequently is the public transport used across different age groups? Which transport mode is most often used by more frequent and less frequent commuters? Most of these questions have been already answered in various contexts and in many countries, see a comprehensive review by Meixell and Norbis (2008), Bury et al. (2017). Car usage seems to prevail across all income levels (Taylor, 2009). According to a study conducted in Ontario and Quebec (Mercado, 2012) women tend to drive less to work compared to men and people with lower education travel to work by car less often than the high-educated ones.

Contribution

Despite the literature on modal choice and effect of various determinants on modal choice is huge, research on this subject in the Czech Republic is very limited, covering very narrow topics such as car ownership (Ščasný and Urban, 2011), fuel use in a car (Ščasný, 2012), or preferences for alternative-fueled vehicles (Scasny et al., 2018). A study by Braun Kohlova (2012) is one of a few studies conducted in the Czech Republic that aimed primarily at modal choice in cities.



Therefore, I would like to contribute to the research aiming specifically at the frequency use of various transport modes in the Czech Republic. Most of the previous papers find a mutual consensus on the fact that car is the most used mean of transport. In my research I intend to analyse usage of various transport modes by carless population and households that own a passenger car and whether the decision of automobile population differs for those who use (or intend to buy) a used car compared to those who use (or intend to buy) a new car.

This work will explain which groups of people decide on various transport modes. The results can be then very useful while promoting policies connected with transportation. Moreover, we will identify groups of the population which should be targeted when trying to change people's behaviour regarding the decisions about means of transport.


Methodology

The data used in this thesis were collected within the SUPREM survey (and will be provided by the supervisor). The survey was carried out in 2017 in the Czech Republic within that almost 3000 people were interviewed (sampled from the general population, with a plan to buy a new car, and with a plan to buy a used car). Although this survey collected primarily data about electric vehicles and car purchase decisions, it also gathers data on the frequency of use different transportation modes.

Frequency of using eight different modes (walking, driving, bus, tram, metro, rail, bicycle, motorbike) during a typical day will be analysed. The frequency is measured on a continuous scale from one to ten, including no use and usage larger than ten. At first, I will analyse which segments of the population never used a particular mode (freq=0), estimating a univariate logit (=1 if the frequency is not zero). Since decisions on various modes may be correlated, I will also use an appropriate model that allows modelling the binary choice simultaneously (multivariate logit). Depending on the data, I will analyse the frequency estimating OLS or using a model that is suitable for the count data (like Poisson, negative binomial). In the literature review, I will also pay my attention to the selectivity, i.e. treatment of not choosing the particular mode when the frequency of use is modelled.

Outline
Abstract
1. Introduction:
- motivation
- contribution
2. Literature review:
- modelling modal choice behaviour
- frequency of use different modes
- determinants affecting usage of urban transportation modes
3. Methodology and data
- econometric model to analyse a binary decision and frequency of use
- data description
Results:
- binary choice (not using particular mode)
- analysing the frequency of use
- interpretation of the results
- comparison with existing literature
Conclusion