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Definition of the expression pattern of DASH system in transformed glial cells, the coupled expression of fibroblast activation protein and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV.
Název práce v češtině: Definice expresního vzorce „DASH systému“ v transformovaných gliálních buňkách, koexprese proteinu aktivovaných fibroblastů a dipeptidylpeptidázy-IV.
Název v anglickém jazyce: Definition of the expression pattern of DASH system in transformed glial cells, the coupled expression of fibroblast activation protein and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV.
Klíčová slova: Protein aktivovaných fibroblastů, Dipeptidylpeptidázy-IV, glioblastom
Klíčová slova anglicky: Fibroblast activation protein, Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, glioblastoma
Akademický rok vypsání: 2012/2013
Typ práce: disertační práce
Jazyk práce: angličtina
Ústav: Ústav biochemie a experimentální onkologie 1. LF UK (11-00140)
Vedoucí / školitel: prof. MUDr. Aleksi Šedo, DrSc.
Řešitel: skrytý - zadáno a potvrzeno stud. odd.
Datum přihlášení: 22.10.2012
Datum zadání: 22.10.2012
Datum potvrzení stud. oddělením: 22.10.2012
Datum a čas obhajoby: 05.12.2012 13:00
Místo konání obhajoby: Děkanát 1. LF UK
Datum odevzdání elektronické podoby:30.10.2012
Datum proběhlé obhajoby: 05.12.2012
Předmět: Obhajoba dizertační práce (B90002)
Oponenti: prof. MUDr. Jan Borovanský, CSc.
  Vladislav Mareš
 
 
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Předběžná náplň práce
Dipeptidylpeptidáza-IV (DPP-IV) je multifunkční transmembránový glykoprotein odštěpující X-Pro dipeptid z N-konce peptidového řetězce. Tato evolučně konzervovaná sekvence chrání řadu biologicky aktivních peptidů před nespecifickým štěpením. DPP-IV patří do skupiny “Dipeptidylpeptidáze-IV Aktivitou a/nebo Strukturou Homologních” molekul (DASH), do které mimo ní patří například fibroblastový aktivační protein-a/sepráza (FAP) a několik dalších molekul. I když většina z těchto molekul jsou primárně enzymy, je známo, že alespoň některé své biologické funkce mohou vykonávat nezávisle na své vnitřní enzymové aktivitě. DASH molekuly, spolu s molekulami, s nimiž funkčně interagují, představují „DASH systém“, který se patrně významně uplatňuje v řadě patologických procesů, například tumorogeneze. O DPP-IV a jejím strukturálně nejbližším protějšku FAP se předpokládá, že jsou zapojeny do regulace mnoha biologických procesů, významných mimo jiné pro vznik a progresi maligních gliálních nádorů.
V této práci popisujeme expresi a kolokalizaci DPP-IV a FAP v nádorově transformovaných gliálních buňkách in vitro a v bioptickém materiálu astrocytárních tumorů. Kromě DPP-IV/FAP dvojitě pozitivních buněk jsme v glioblastomu též nalezli kvantitativně významnou populaci FAP pozitivních mesenchymálních buněk přítomných ve vaskulárním kompartmentu. Dále popisujeme korelativní expresi DPP-IV a FAP v primárních buněčných kulturách odvozených z glioblastomu a asociaci dynamiky změn exprese obou molekul v permanentních astrocytárních buněčných liniích. Absence vztahu exprese endogenního FAP v buňkách exprimujících transgenní, a tudíž v nefyziologickém genomickém kontextu kódovanou DPP-IV, svědčí spíše pro koregulaci exprese obou molekul na transkripční než posttranskripční úrovni. Naše experimenty věnované studiu funkčního významu DPP-IV a FAP v nádorové progresi prokázaly, že exprese obou molekul negativně ovlivňuje adhezi transformovaných gliálních buněk ke komponentám extracelulární matrix, přičemž pro dosažení tohoto efektu je třeba jejich hydrolytická aktivita.
Poznání expresního vzorce DPP-IV a FAP a jejich funkční koordinace v nádorovém mikroprostředí může pomoci pochopit jejich biologickou roli v maligních gliomech.
Předběžná náplň práce v anglickém jazyce
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is a multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein removing X-Pro dipeptide from the amino-terminus of the peptide chain. This evolutionary conserved sequence protects a number of biologically active peptides against the unspecific proteolytic cleavage. DPP-IV belongs into the group of “Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV Activity and/or Structure Homologues” (DASH), which, except the canonical DPP-IV, comprises fibroblast activation protein-α/seprase (FAP), and several other molecules. However several of DASH molecules are the enzymes, they execute at least some of their biological functions by non-proteolytic protein-protein interactions. DASH molecules, their substrates and binding partners are parts of “DASH system” which is affected in several pathological process including a cancer. Specifically DPP-IV and its closest structural relative FAP are among others expected to be involved in the development and progression of malignant glioma.
In this study we showed the expression and colocalization of DPP-IV and FAP in glioma cells in vitro and in human high grade gliomas. In addition to the DPP-IV/FAP double positive transformed glial cells, we also identified a subpopulation of FAP positive mesenchymal cells located in the perivascular compartment. Moreover we described the correlative expression of DPP-IV and FAP in the glioblastoma-derived primary cell cultures and the associated expression dynamics of both molecules in astrocytoma cell lines. Uncoupled expression of the endogenous FAP and DPP-IV transgene, placed into the non-physiological genomic context argues for the joint control of DPP-IV and FAP genes expression rather than the indirect reciprocal regulation, involving the changes of their mRNA and/or protein. Our experiments focused on the functional relevance of DPP-IV and FAP to cancer progression demonstrate that the overexpression of both molecules impaired the cell adhesion to proteins of extracellular matrix.
Understanding of the DPP-IV and FAP expression pattern and their functional coordination in the tumour microenvironment may help to clarify their biological role and molecular mechanisms in the malignant gliomas.
 
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