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Realism and the Nixon Administration: Triangular Diplomacy as a Tool of US Foreign Policy
Název práce v češtině: Realismus a Nixonova administrativa: Triangulární diplomacie jako nástroj americké zahraniční politiky
Název v anglickém jazyce: Realism and the Nixon Administration: Triangular Diplomacy as a Tool of US Foreign Policy
Klíčová slova: Neorealismus, Ofensivní realismus, Defensivní realismus, Wedging strategie, Rovnováha sil (Balance of Power), H. Kissinger, R. M. Nixon, Zahraniční politika USA vůči Číně, Studená válka, Čínsko-sovětská roztržka
Klíčová slova anglicky: Neorealism, Offensive realism, Defensive realism, Wedging strategies, Balance of Power, H. Kissinger, R. M. Nixon, US-China policy, Cold War, Sino-Soviet Split
Akademický rok vypsání: 2019/2020
Typ práce: diplomová práce
Jazyk práce: angličtina
Ústav: Katedra mezinárodních vztahů (23-KMV)
Vedoucí / školitel: PhDr. Martin Jeřábek, Ph.D.
Řešitel: skrytý - zadáno vedoucím/školitelem
Datum přihlášení: 29.06.2020
Datum zadání: 30.06.2020
Datum a čas obhajoby: 27.01.2022 08:00
Místo konání obhajoby: Pekařská 16, JPEK301, 301, Malá učebna, 3.patro
Datum odevzdání elektronické podoby:06.12.2021
Datum proběhlé obhajoby: 27.01.2022
Oponenti: Mgr. Anna Kotvalová
 
 
 
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Seznam odborné literatury
Primary sources

Archives

UNITED STATES. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. Presidential Travels Abroad: Richard M. Nixon (https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/nixon-richard-m).

UNITED STATES. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–13, Documents on China, 1969–1972. Document 12: Summary of the CIA Response to NSSM 14. Washington, undated. Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian (https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13).

UNITED STATES. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–13, Documents on China, 1969–1972. Document 13: Minutes of the Senior Review Group Meeting, Washington, May 15, 1969, 2:10–3:55 p.m. Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian (https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13).

UNITED STATES. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–13, Documents on China, 1969–1972. Document 14: National Security Decision Memorandum 17 Washington, June 26, 1969. Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian (https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13).

UNITED STATES. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–13, Documents on China, 1969–1972. Document 36: Minutes of the Senior Review Group Meeting, Washington, September 25, 1969, 2:25–3:35 p.m. Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian (https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13).

UNITED STATES. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–13, Documents on China, 1969–1972. Document 43: Washington Special Actions Group Report Washington, November 10, 1969. Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian (https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13).

UNITED STATES. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–13, Documents on China, 1969–1972. Document 46: Memorandum From Roger Morris of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger). Washington, November 18, 1969. Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian (https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13).

UNITED STATES. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–13, Documents on China, 1969–1972. Document 62: Telegram From the Embassy in Poland to the Department of State, Warsaw, January 20, 1970,
1645Z.. Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian (https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13).

UNITED STATES. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–13, Documents on China, 1969–1972. Document 86: Telegram From the Embassy in the Republic of China to Secretary of State Rogers and Secretary of Defense Laird, Taipei, July 17, 1970. Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian (https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13).

UNITED STATES. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–13, Documents on China, 1969–1972. Document 92: Telegram From the Embassy in the Republic of China to the Department of State, Taipei, October 22, 1970. Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian (https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13).

UNITED STATES. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–13, Documents on China, 1969–1972. Document 118: Message From the Premier of the People’s Republic of China Chou En-lai to President Nixon, Beijing, April 21, 1971. Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian (https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13).

UNITED STATES. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–13, Documents on China, 1969–1972. Document 139: Memorandum of Conversation, Beijing, July 9, 1971, 4:35–11:20 p.m. Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian (https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13).

UNITED STATES. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–13, Documents on China, 1969–1972. Document 164: Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon, Washington, November 1971. Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian (https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13).

Historical documents

UNITED NATIONS. General Assembly resolution 1668 (1961). Representation of China in the United Nations, 15 December 1961.

UNITED NATIONS. General Assembly resolution 2758 (1971). Restoration of the lawful rights of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations, 25 October 1971.

Joint Communique of the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, 28 February (1972).

Joint Communique of the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, 1 January (1979).

GELMAN, H. (1982). The Soviet Far East Buildup and Soviet Risk-Taking against China.

Speeches

NIXON, R. M. (1969a). President Nixon’s Speech on Vietnamization, November, 1969.

NIXON, R. M. (1969b). Inaugural Address, January 20, 1969. Department of State.

News articles

NIXON, R. M. (1967). Asia after Viet Nam. Foreign Affairs, 46(1), p. 111.

The Economist, (Jul 17th edition) (2021). Biden’s new China doctrine.

Memoirs

ECKSTEIN, R. (1993). Ping Pong Diplomacy: A View from behind the Scenes. Journal of American-East Asian Relations, 2(3), pp. 327–42.

HOLDRIDGE, J. H. (1997). Crossing the Divide: An Insider's Account of Normalization of U.S.- China Relations. Rowman & Littlefield.

KISSINGER, H. (1994). Diplomacy, 1st edn. A Touchstone book. New York u.a.: Simon & Schuster.

KISSINGER, H. (2011). White House Years. Simon and Schuster.

Secondary literature

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BOTHWELL, R. and BUNDY, W. (1998). A Tangled Web: The Making of Foreign Policy in the Nixon Presidency. International Journal, 54(1), p. 185.

BRADY, H. E. and COLLIER, D. (2010). Rethinking social inquiry: Diverse tools, shared standards, 2nd edn. MyiLibrary. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

BURR, W. (2001). Sino-American Relations, 1969: The Sino-Soviet Border War and Steps Towards Rapprochement. Cold War History, 1(3), pp. 73–112.
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Předběžná náplň práce
Diplomová práce se zabývá zahraniční politikou USA za vlády Richarda Nixona. Konkrétněji zkoumá přístup USA ke komunistické Číně (ČLR) a trojúhelníkové diplomatické vztahy mezi USA, SSSR a ČLR. Diplomová práce vychází po teoretické stránce z realismu, zejména z ofensivního a defensivního neorealismu reprezentovaným Johnem Meiersheimerem a Kennethem Waltzem. Diplomová práce aplikuje teoretický koncept wedging strategií jako nástrojů power-balancingu na vybranou zahraniční politiku USA. Diplomová práce provádí kvalitativní případovou studii pomocí metody processtracing. Kauzální mechanismus odvozený z konceptu zaklínění strategií je teoretizován a dále aplikován v analýze. Analýza zahraniční politiky USA vůči Číně obsažená v diplomové práci zkoumá jednotlivé stopy teoretizovaného mechanismu wedgingu. Výsledky analýzy ukazují, že USA narušily čínsko-sovětské spojenectví pomocí strategie defensivního wedgingu využitím čínsko-sovětského rozkolu. USA navázaly politické styky s ČLR a nabídly čínskému vedení strategické záruky nepřímo namířené proti SSSR. Tyto záruky byly posléze předmětem klíčových klauzulí Šanghajského komuniké z roku 1972.
Předběžná náplň práce v anglickém jazyce
The thesis deals with the US foreign policy under Richard Nixon. More specifically, it examines the US rapprochement with Communist China (PRC) and the triangular diplomatic relations between the US, USSR, and PRC. The thesis draws from the realist theories, particularly the offensive and defensive branches of neorealism represented by John Mearsheimer and Kenneth Waltz. The thesis applies the theoretical concept of wedging strategies as power-balancing tools on the selected US foreign policy. The thesis conducts a qualitative case study using the process-tracing method. A causal mechanism derived from the concept of wedging strategies is theorized and further applied in the analysis. The analysis of the US foreign policy towards China examines the individual traces in the theorized mechanisms. The results of the study show that the US broke the Sino-Soviet alliance using a defensive wedging strategy by exploiting the Sino-Soviet split, resulting in PRC’s dealignment with the USSR. The US reapproached the PRC and swayed the Chinese leadership with strategic guarantees tacitly aimed against the USSR. These guarantees were ultimately projected into the Shanghai Communique of 1972.
 
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