Germany and "the East" (19th and 20th Century). Between Colonialism and Partnership - JMM659

• Anglický název: Germany and "the East" (19th and 20th Century). Between Colonialism and Partnership
• Český název: Německo a "východ (19. a 20. st.). Mezi kolonizací a partnerstvím
• Zajišťuje: Katedra německých a rakouských studií (23-KNRS)
• Fakulta: Fakulta sociálních věd
• Platnost: od 2015
• Semestr: letní
• E-Kredity: 4
• Způsob provedení zkoušky: letní s.:
• Rozsah, examinace: letní s.:0/2, KZ [HT]
• Počet míst: neurčen / neurčen (30)
• Minimální obsazenost: neomezen
• 4EU+: ne
• Virtuální mobilita / počet míst pro virtuální mobilitu: ne
• Stav předmětu: nevyučován
• Jazyk výuky: angličtina
• Způsob výuky: prezenční
• Způsob výuky: prezenční
• Poznámka: předmět je možno zapsat mimo plán; povolen pro zápis po webu; při zápisu přednost, je-li ve stud. plánu
• Garant: Dr. phil. Torsten Horst Lorenz

Anotace

Poslední úprava: Dr. phil. Torsten Horst Lorenz (28.01.2015)

The relationship between Germany and its Eastern neighbors in the 19th and 20th century was a peculiar one: In the age of nationalism it changed from a relatively calm coexistence into a colonial one, which ended in extreme violence, genocide and the final ethnic unmixing of peoples in Central and Eastern Europe. After a period of silence since 1945, contacts were slowly being reestablished in the 1960s, while Willy Brandt’s "New Eastern Policy" made an important step forward, because it meant a qualitative change of German policy towards its Eastern neighbors. After 1989 burning questions of shared historical experience of the Germans and their Eastern neighbors reemerged and sometimes became a burden of politics in integrating Europe. Today, these questions seem to be finally settled and a new era in the relationship between Germany and its Eastern neighbours has begun.
Historical research on the relationship of Germany and its Eastern neighbors has intensified in the 1990’s and brought a lot of new insights into this topic. It has pointed to how writers, historians and other experts on "the East" in German constructed Eastern Europe as a site of German domination, expansion and colonization - up to Hitler’s idea of "Lebensraum" and the "Generalplan Ost". On the other hand, the Slavonic peoples of Central and Eastern Europe created their own imagination of Germany; some parts of the Polish political specter for example were proponents of a Polish "return" to territories in the West, which in the Middle ages were settled by Slavonic tribes.
In the seminar we will analyze the changing German imagination of "the East" and its counterpart - the imagination of Germany in Central and Eastern Europe (Bohemia/ Czechoslovakia, Poland, Russia/USSR) in the 19th and 20th century. What was the general development of these mutual imaginations over time, who were the main proponents, which their incentives? What were the reasons for changes in these imaginations? We will discuss research on the mutual imaginations of Germany and its Eastern neighbors and analyze sources on the topic. The students will acquire knowledge on the German imagination of "the East" and Germany’s policy towards its Eastern neighbors in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Podmínky zakončení předmětu

Poslední úprava: Dr. phil. Torsten Horst Lorenz (23.03.2015)

Regular and active participation (2 absences without valid excuse), preparation of the course reading for each session (ca. 15-30 pages each), active participation in the discussions, presentation (15 min.) with Powerpoint etc. (ppt due Tuesday, 10 p.m. before the relevant meeting), 6 response papers on seminar readings (due Tuesday, 10 p.m. before the relevant meeting, no bullet-points!, 2700-3600 characters). Upcoming presenters visit me with a draft of their presentation during my office hours at least one week before their presentation (Wednesday, 12.45-13.30, Celetna 20, room 109A, Thursday, 12.30-13.30 Jinonice, room 3102); ppts are due until Tuesday evening before the relevant meeting.

The response papers should reflect your understanding of the reading. So, there should be a short summary of the text and the author’s arguments. But don’t waste space on this. Rather use the space for posing questions, even if you don’t know the answer, and for contrasting the text with other texts on the same topic which you already know. Finally write down your own opinion on the text, where you agree or disagree and why, etc. For instructions see https://twp.duke.edu/uploads/assets/response%20paper.pdf or

http://www3.spfldcol.edu/homepage/dept.nsf/9fd80471db04a6c885256f4200656df5/$file/writing%20reaction%20papers.pdf.

Literatura

Poslední úprava: Dr. phil. Torsten Horst Lorenz (28.01.2015)

The basic textbook for the history of Central and Eastern Europe is Bideleux/Jeffries. On German history in General see Smith (ed.). On German images of the East see Liulevicius: The German myth; you should read this book during the course. For German Eastern policy since the 1870’s see Baranowski; for German imagination of the East see Kopp and Nelson. On Polish-German relations until WW I see Blanke and Hagen, on the Weimar times see Blanke and Chu. On the German Eastern border and the border struggles after WW I see Sammartino. On Nazi occupation see Mazower and Lower. Pioneering on German Ostforschung under the Nazi regime is Burleigh. For the expulsion of Germans see Douglas.

For literature which you don’t find in Prague (Charles University, National Library, Goethe Institute, Austrian Cultural Forum) you may ask me.

 

Götz Aly, Susanne Heim: Vordenker der Vernichtung. Auschwitz und die deutschen Pläne für eine neue europäische Ordnung, Frankfurt a. M.: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag 2013 (Original 1991);

Shelley Baranowski: Nazi Empire. German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2011;

Wolfgang Bialas, Anson Rabinbach (Hg.): Nazi Germany and the Humanities, Oxford: Oneworld 2007;

Robert Bideleux, Ian Jeffries: A History of Eastern Europe. Crisis and Change, London: Routledge, 2^nd edition 2007;

David Blackbourn: The Conquest of Nature: Water, Landscape, and the Making of Modern Germany, London: Cape 2006;

Martin Burkert: Zwischen Verbot und Duldung. Die schwierige Gratwanderung der Ostwissenschaften zwischen 1933 und 1939, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 2000;

Michael Burleigh: Germany turns Eastwards. A Study of Ostforschung in the Third Reich, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1988;

Winson Chu: The German Minority in Interwar Poland, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press 2012;

Sebastian Conrad: Globalisierung und Nation im Deutschen Kaiserreich, München: C. H. Beck 2006;

Vanessa Conze: Das Europa der Deutschen. Ideen von Europa in Deutschland zwischen Reichstradition und Westorientierung (1920-1970), München: Oldenbourg 2005;

Vanessa Conze: "Unverheilte Brandwunden in der Außenhaut des Volkskörpers". Der deutsche Grenz-Diskurs der Zwischenkriegszeit (1919-1939), in: Wolfgang Hardtwig (Hg.): Ordnungen in der Krise. Zur politischen Kulturgeschichte Deutschlands 1900-1933, München: Oldenbourg 2007, pp. 21-48;

Werner Conze:  Ostmitteleuropa. Von der Spätantike bis zum 18. Jahrhundert, München: C. H. Beck 1992;

Andrew Demshuk: The lost German East. Forced migration and the politics of memory, 1945-1970, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2012; 

R. M. Douglas: Orderly and humane. The expulsion of the Germans after the Second World War, New Haven: Yale University Press 2012; 

Carole Fink, Bernd Schaefer (Hg.): Ostpolitik 1969-1974. European and Global Responses, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2009;

Manfred Hettling: Volksgeschichten im Europa der Zwischenkriegszeit, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2003;

Christian Ingrao: Believe and Destroy. Intellectuals in the SS War Machine, Cambridge: Polity Press 2013;

Ingo Haar, Michael Fahlbusch (Hg.): Handbuch der völkischen Wissenschaften. Personen, Institutionen, Forschungsprogramme, Stiftungen, München: Saur 2008;

William W. Hagen: Germans, Poles, and Jews. The Nationality Conflict in the Prussian East 1772-1980, Chicago: Chicago University Press 1980; 

William W. Hagen: German History in Modern Times. Four Lives of the Nation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2012;

Vladimír Handl (ed.): Germany and the East Central Europe since 1990, Praha: Karolinum 1999;

Klaus Hemmo: Der weite Weg nach Europa. Die Deutschen und ihre slawischen Nachbarn, Düsseldorf (Artemis & Winkler) 2004;

Ulrich Herbert: A History of Foreign Labor in Germany. Seasonal Workers, Forced Laborers, Guest Workers, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 1990 (German edition: Geschichte der Auländerpolitik in Deutschland. Saisonarbeiter, Zwangsarbeiter, Gastarbeiter, Flüchtlinge, Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung 2003); 

Elizabeth B. Jones: The Rural "Social Ladder", Internal Colonization, Germanization and Civilizing Missions in the German Empire, in: Geschichte und Gesellschaft 40 (2014), pp. 457-492;

Pieter M. Judson: Nationalism in the Era of the Nation State, 1870-1945, in: Helmut Walser Smith (ed.): The Oxford Handbook of Modern German History, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011, pp. 499-526;

Ulrike Jureit: Das Ordnen von Räumen. Territorium und Lebensraum im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, Hamburg: Hamburger Edition 2012; 

Thekla Kleindienst: Die Entwicklung der bundesdeutschen Osteuropaforschung im Spannungsfeld zwischen Wissenschaft und Politik, Marburg: Herder-Institut 2009;

Gerd Koenen: Der Russland-Komplex. Die Deutschen und der Osten 1900-1945, München: C. H. Beck 2006;

Kristin Kopp: Germany’s Wild East: Constructing Poland as Colonial Space, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 2012; 

Kristin Kopp, Joanna Niżyńska (eds.): Germany, Poland, and postmemorial relations. In search of a livable past, New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2012;

Hans Lemberg: The Germans and Czech Statehood in the Twentieth Century, in: Roger Bartlett, Karen Schönwälder (eds.): The German Lands and Eastern Europe Essays on the History of their Social, Cultural and Political Relations, Basingstoke: MacMillan 1999, pp. 182-197;

Hans Lemberg, Jan Křen, Dušan Kováč (Hg.): Im geteilten Europa. Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche und ihre Staaten 1948-1998, Essen: Klartext 1998;

Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius: The German myth of the East, 1800 to the present, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2009; 

Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius: War Land on the Eastern Front: Culture, National Identity and German Occupation in World War I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2000; 

Wendy Lower: Nazi Empire Building and the Holocaust in Ukraine, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press 2005; 

Paul R. Magocsi: The Historical Atlas of Central Europe, London: Thames & Hudson 2002;

Mark Mazower: Hitler’s Empire. How the Nazis ruled Europe, New York: Penguin Press 2008 (Czech edition: Hitlerova říše: nacistická vláda v okupované Evropě, Brno: Jota 2009);

Norman Naimark: Fires of Hatred. Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press 2001; 

Robert L. Nelson (ed.): Germans, Poland, and Colonial Expansion to the East. 1850 through the Present, New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2009; 

Dietmar Neutatz, Volker Zimmermann (Hg.) Die Deutschen und das östliche Europa. Aspekte einer vielfältigen Beziehungsgeschichte, Essen: Klartext) 2006;

Gottfried Niedhart: Entspannung in Europa. Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Warschauer Pakt 1966 bis 1975, Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung 2014;

Willi Oberkrome: Volkgeschichte. Methodische Innovation und völkische Ideologisierung in der deutschen Geschichtswissenschaft 1918-1945, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1993; 

Troy R. E. Paddock: Creating the Russian Peril. Education, the Public Sphere, and National Identity in Imperial Germany, 1890-1914, Rochester: Camden House 2010;

Jan M. Piskorski, Jörg Hackmann, Rudolf Jaworski (Hg.): Deutsche Ostforschung und polnische Westforschung im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaft und Politik. Disziplinen im Vergleich, Osnabrück: Fibre  2002;

Jan Björn Potthast: Das jüdische Zentralmuseum der SS in Prag. Gegnerforschung und Völkermord im Nationalsozialismus, Frankfurt a. M., New York: Campus 2002; 

Presseabteilung Ober Ost: Das Land Ober Ost. Deutsche Arbeit in den Verwaltungsgebieten Kurland, Litauen, Bialystok und Grodno, Stuttgart, Berlin: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt 1917;

Uwe Puschner u. a. (Hg.): Handbuch zur völkischen Bewegung 1871-1918, München: Saur 1999; 

Uwe Puschner: Die völkische Bewegung im wilhelminischen Kaiserreich. Sprache - Rasse - Religion, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 2001; 

Lutz Raphael: Radikales Ordnungsdenken und die Organisation totalitärer Herrschaft: Weltanschauungseliten und Humanwissenschaftler im NS-Regime, in: Geschichte und Gesellschaft 27 (2001), pp. 5-40;

Annemarie Sammartino: The Impossible Border. Germany and the East, 1914-1922, Ithaca: Cornell University Press 2010; 

Helmut Schaller: Der Nationalsozialismus und die slawische Welt, Regensburg: Pustet 2002; 

Karen Schönwälder: Invited but Unwanted? Migrants from the East in Germany, 1890-1990 in: Roger Bartlett, Karen Schönwälder (eds.): The German Lands and Eastern Europe Essays on the History of their Social, Cultural and Political Relations, Basingstoke: MacMillan 1999, pp. 198-216;

Peter Schöttler (Hg.): Geschichtsschreibung als Legitimationswissenschaft 1918-1945, Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp, 2nd edition 1999; 

Helmut Walser Smith: The Continuities of German History. Nation, Religion and Race across the Long Nineteenth Century, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2008 (German: Fluchtpunkt 1941. Kontinuitäten der deutschen Geschichte, Stuttgart: Philipp Reclam jun. 2010);

Helmut Walser Smith: German Nationalism and Religious Conflict. Culture, Ideology, Politics, 1870-1914, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1995;

Helmut Walser Smith (ed.): The Oxford Handbook of Modern German History, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011; Jinonice

Philipp Ther: Deutsche Geschichte als imperiale Geschichte. Polen, slawophone Minderheiten und das Kaiserreich als kontinentales Empire, in: Sebastian Conrad und Jürgen Osterhammel (eds.): Das Kaiserreich transnational. Deutschland in der Welt 1871-1914, pp. 129-148;

Peter Walkenhorst: Nation - Volk - Rasse. Radikaler Nationalismus im Deutschen Kaiserreich 1890-1914, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2007;

Wolfgang Wippermann: Der ‚deutsche Drang nach Osten’. Ideologie und Wirklichkeit eines politischen Schlagwortes, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 1981;

Larry Wolff: Inventing Eastern Europe. The Map of Civilization on the Mind of the Enlightenment, Stanford: Stanford University Press 1996; 

Andrew Zimmerman: Race and World Politics: Germany in the Age of Imperialism, 1878-1914, in: Helmut Walser Smith (ed.): The Oxford Handbook of Modern German History, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011, pp. 359-377.

Sylabus

Poslední úprava: Dr. phil. Torsten Horst Lorenz (25.03.2015)

1st meeting, 19th February 2015

Introduction and overview

 

2nd meeting, 26th February 2015

"Germany" and "the East" from the Middle ages to the enlightenment

Topics: Central and Eastern Europe as a historical region / Central and Eastern Europe during the middle ages and the early modern times / Bohemia as a part of the Holy Roman Empire / "Germany" and "the East" during the middle ages / German Eastern settlement during the middle ages and the early modern times / German law in Central and Eastern Europe / The Teutonic order / The enlightenment and the discovery of difference / Johann Gottfried Herder and his role for the "small" peoples in Central and Eastern Europe

Reading

·      Larry Wolff: Inventing Eastern Europe. The Map of Civilization on the Mind of the Enlightenment, Stanford: Stanford University Press 1996, pp. 2-16;

·      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostsiedlung

·      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_town_law

·      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonic_Order (only the part "history")

 

3rd meeting, 12th March 2015

The "friendship of peoples" and its breakup during the revolution of 1848/49

Topics: Central and Eastern Europe in the first half of the 19^th century / Ethnic groups in Central and Eastern Europe / The emergence and development of nationalism / A typology of nationalism / The "friendship of peoples" of the democratic national movements / The revolution of 1848 in Central and Eastern Europe / The German revolution of 1848/49 / František Palacký’s letter to the German National Assembly / The Prague Slav congress of 1848 / Wilhelm Jordan’s speech in the German National Assembly and the end of the "friendship"

Reading: Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius: The German myth of the East, 1800 to the present, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2009, pp. 67-87 (1^st paragraph); Letter sent by František Palacký to Frankfurt (11^th April 1848), http://www.spinnet.eu/images/2010-12/letter_by_palacky.pdf (German: http://www.bohemistik.de/palacky2.html)

 

4th meeting, 19th March 2015

The age of nationalism and the emergence of the colonial relationship between Germany and its Eastern (Slavonic) neighbors I.

Topics: The changing character of German nationalism / The Austrian-Prussian dualism / From the revolution to the "Reichsgründung" / The impact of the "Reichsgründung" for Germany’s relations with "the East" / German imaginations of "the East" and the construction of a colonial space / "Ostforschung" in the German Empire / Gustav Freytag’s "Soll und Haben" and the changing image of the Slavonic East

Reading: Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius: The German myth of the East, 1800 to the present, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2009, pp. 87-113.

 

5th meeting, 26th March 2015

The age of nationalism and the emergence of the colonial relationship between Germany and its Eastern (Slavonic) neighbors II.

Topics: The Polish-German conflict in the Prussian Eastern provinces / Prussian settlement policy / Polish defensive strategies / Foreign workers in Imperial Germany / Comparison: The Czech-German conflict in Bohemia-Moravia / Germany and Russia: political and economic relations and mutual influence until 1914 / Changing images of Russia in Germany / Images of Germany in Central and Eastern Europe 

Reading: Sebastian Conrad: Internal Colonialism in Germany. Culture Wars, Germanification of the Soil, and the Global Market Imaginary, in: Bradley Naranch, Geoff Eley (eds.): German Colonialism in a Global Age, Durham, London: Duke University Press 2014, pp. 246-264.

Presentation: Kinga Alina Langowska: Prussian settlement policy and the Polish defensive strategies

 

6th meeting, 2nd April 2015

Germany and "the East" during World War I: imaginations, conceptions and practice

Topics: German war aims in Eastern Europe / War on the Eastern front / Changing images of "the East" in Germany during World War I. / German occupation in Poland and Ukraine / Germany and the Russian Revolution /

Reading: Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius: The German myth of the East, 1800 to the present, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2009, pp. 130-148.

Presentation: Martin Landa: Friedrich Naumann’s "Mitteleuropa"

 

7th meeting, 9th April 2015

Germany and "the East" during the Weimar Republic

Topics: Developments after the end of the war: Revolution in Germany, civil war and state-building in Eastern Europe / The minority question after World War I / The ethnic struggle in Upper Silesia / German minorities in Central and Eastern Europe / The Weimar Republic and its Eastern neighbours / Weimar revisionism / Mutual images of Germany and its Eastern neighbours in the Weimar years / The Weimar Republic and Soviet Russia / German travellers in the Soviet Union / "Ostforschung" in the Weimar Republic / Images of Germany in Central and Eastern Europe

Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius: The German myth of the East, 1800 to the present, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2009, pp. 148-170.

Presentation: Adéla Vondrovicová: The Weimar Republic and Soviet Russia

 

8th meeting, 16th April 2015

Germany and "the East" under National Socialism

Topics: Characteristics of National Socialism: ideology & political approaches / German-Polish relations / German-Soviet relations / "Ostforschung" in Nazi Germany / German images of Eastern Europe / Nazi Germany and German minorities in Central and Eastern Europe / Nazi images of Slavs and Jews / Images of Nazi Germany in Central and Eastern Europe / German war planning in relation to Central and Eastern Europe / Towards war: The Munich treaty of 1938 and the establishment of the protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia / The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and its meaning

Presentation: Kendy Zerwonka: "Ostforschung" in Nazi Germany

 

9th meeting, 23rd April 2015

German policy in Eastern Europe during World War II: imaginations, conceptions and practice I.

Topics: World War II. in Central and Eastern Europe / The character of the war on the Eastern front / German war aims in the East; the concept of "Lebensraum" / German "Ostforschung" and the war in Central and Eastern Europe / The German occupation in Bohemia-Moravia / The German occupation in Poland / Mass resettlements of Poles and Germans 1939-40 / German settlement policy in Western Poland 

Presentation: Veronika Tichá: The German occupation in Poland

 

10th meeting, 30th April 2015

German policy in Eastern Europe during World War II: imaginations, conceptions and practice II.

Topics: Germany’s war against the Soviet Union / War and occupation in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia / The Holocaust: Origins, plans and practice / The "Generalplan Ost" / Forced labor / Prisoners of war /

Presentation: Martin Herzig: "Lebensraum" and German war aims in World War II

 

11th meeting, 7th May 2015

Germany and "the East", "the East" and Germany from the end of World War II until the 1960’s

Topics: The war conferences of the Allied powers and their decisions / Central and Eastern Europe after World War II / The fate of the Germans in Central and Eastern Europe / German "Eastern policy" after WW II / German images of "the East" after 1945 / "Eastern" images of Germany after 1945 / German compensation payments for victims of National Socialist rule / The GDR and Eastern Europe since 1949: Political, economic and cultural relations /

Presentation: Sean McQuiggan: The expulsion of Germans from Central and Eastern Europe after World War II

 

12th meeting, 14th May 2015

Germany and "the East", "the East" and Germany since the later 1960’s / Germany and its Eastern neighbors since unification / Closing discussion / Summary

Topics: Détente in world politics since the late 1960’s / Changing mutual images of West-Germany and "the East" / New directions in West-German "Eastern policy" during the 1960’s / The "Ostverträge" (Eastern treaties) and their meaning / Political, economic and cultural relations between the FRG and "the East" since the 1970’s / Political, economic and cultural relations between the GDR and "the East" / The development of mutual relations between united Germany and its Eastern neighbors since 1990 / Czech-German, Polish-German, and Russian-German controversies about history / An "informal (economic) empire" of Germany in Central and Eastern Europe?

Presentation: Kateřina Kuklíková: Czech-German debates on shared history