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Course, academic year 2023/2024
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Statistical data analysis in physics - NMET050
Title: Statistické metody analýzy fyzikálních dat
Guaranteed by: Department of Atmospheric Physics (32-KFA)
Faculty: Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Actual: from 2022
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 6
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:2/2, Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech, English
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Guarantor: doc. Mgr. Jiří Mikšovský, Ph.D.
Classification: Physics > Meteorology and Climatology
Is co-requisite for: NMET049
Annotation -
Last update: doc. Mgr. Jiří Mikšovský, Ph.D. (14.05.2023)
Introduction to statistical analysis: Probability, random variables, descriptive statistics, probability distributions, parameters estimation, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, correlations and linear regression.
Aim of the course -
Last update: KALVOVA/MFF.CUNI.CZ (30.05.2008)

To provide a working knowledge of basic topics from descriptive statistics, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, linear regression

Course completion requirements - Czech
Last update: prof. RNDr. Petr Pišoft, Ph.D. (16.01.2024)

Pro udělení zápočtu se předpokládá prezentace individuálního řešení souboru úloh, předložených na konci semestru a pokrývajících základní témata, specifikovaná v sylabu přednášky a upřesněná v průběhu jejího konání. Zápočtové úlohy je možné vypracovat formou domácí práce, jejich prezentace se předpokládá prostřednictvím stručné zprávy ilustrující použitý postup a dosažené výsledky.

Udělení zkoušky je vázáno na prezentaci zápočtových úloh; zkouška má podobu diskuse nad zápočtovou prezentací a má ověřit znalost použitých technik a jejich souvislostí, v rozsahu daném sylabem.

Literature - Czech
Last update: KALVOVA/MFF.CUNI.CZ (30.04.2008)

Anděl, J.: Statistické metody. MATFYZPRESS, Praha, 1998.

Zvára, K., Štěpán, J.: Pravděpodobnost a matematická statistika. MATFYZPRESS, Praha, 2002.

Wilks, D.S.: Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Science. Academic Press, San Diego, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995.

Teaching methods -
Last update: KALVOVA/MFF.CUNI.CZ (30.05.2008)

lecture with practical demonstrations of statistical methods to atmospheric data

Requirements to the exam - Czech
Last update: doc. Mgr. Jiří Mikšovský, Ph.D. (08.10.2017)

Udělení zkoušky je vázáno na prezentaci zápočtových úloh; zkouška má podobu diskuse nad zápočtovou prezentací a má ověřit znalost použitých technik a jejich souvislostí, v rozsahu daném sylabem.

Syllabus -
Last update: KALVOVA/MFF.CUNI.CZ (30.04.2008)

Event, probability, the axioms of probability, conditional probability, Bayes´theorem.

Frequency, class intervals, histograms, percentiles, boxplots. Measures of locations (mean, trimmed mean,

trimean, median, mode), measures of spread (sample variance, sample standard deviation, trimmed variance, interquartile range), robustness. Intersequential variability. Moments of the distribution, measures of skewness and curtosis. Power transformations, standardized anomalies. Sample covariance, correlation (Pearson correlation, Spearman rank correlation), robustness.

Random variables, distribution function, discrete and continuous random variables, probability density function, expectation, variance, moments and central moments, Continuous distributions - uniform distribution, normal (Gaussian) distribution, lognormal, gamma, beta, distribution, chí-distribution, Students´ distribution, the F distribution, Gumbel, Weibull, GEV. Discrete distributions - binomial distribution, Poisson distribution. Multivariate distributions, bivariate normal distribution. Covariance, correlation.

Tchebycheff's inequality, the law of large numbers, the central limit theorem.

Criteria of estimation (consistency, unbiasedness, efficiency). Maximum-likelihood estimation, moments estimation. Qualitative assessments of the goodness of fit (probability plots, P-P plot, Q-Q plot). Confidence intervals. Parametric and nonparametric tests, the concept of statistical tests ("null" hypothesis, "alternative" hypothesis, one-sided and two-sided test, test statistic, type I and type II error, the significance level of a test, the power of a test). One-sample tests (test for a population mean, Chi-square test for a population variance), limitations, tests of two sample means (under independence, for paired variables, under serial dependence), tests of variances. Tests of normality. Tests of the correlation coefficient, Fisher's z-transformation. Nonparametric tests (sign tests, one-sample and two-sample Wilcoxon rank tests, tests for paired samples). Goodness of fit tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi-square test). Contingency tables.

Simple regression model, assumptions, limitation, least square regression parameter estimates. Analysis of variance, coefficient of determination, tests and confidence intervals for the regression parameters.

 
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