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Course, academic year 2023/2024
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Space Plasma - NEVF145
Title: Plazma v kosmickém prostoru
Guaranteed by: Department of Surface and Plasma Science (32-KFPP)
Faculty: Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Actual: from 2020
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 5
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:2/1, C+Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech, English
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Additional information: https://physics.mff.cuni.cz/kfpp/rozvrh.html
Guarantor: prof. RNDr. František Němec, Ph.D.
prof. RNDr. Zdeněk Němeček, DrSc.
Annotation -
Last update: doc. RNDr. Jiří Pavlů, Ph.D. (24.01.2019)
Introduction to space physics, plasma and dusty plasmas. Motions of charged particles in E and B time-varying electromagnetic fields. Fundamental equations of magnetohydrodynamics, magnetic reconnection. Sun, solar wind plasma and interplanetary magnetic field, solar wind interaction with obstacles. Formation of the Earth´s magnetosphere and its dynamics.
Course completion requirements - Czech
Last update: doc. RNDr. Jiří Pavlů, Ph.D. (01.06.2020)

Podmínkou zakončení předmětu je úspěšné složení zkoušky, tj. hodnocení zkoušky známkou "výborně", "velmi dobře" nebo "dobře". Zkouška musí být složena v období předepsaném harmonogramem akademického roku, ve kterém student předmět zapsal. Nutnou podmínkou připuštění ke zkoušce je úspěšné získání zápočtu.

Zápočet se uděluje za vypracování všech úloh tvořících náplň cvičení a jejich úspěšnou prezentaci cvičícímu ústní či písemnou formou, v závislosti na dohodě se cvičícím. Povaha kontroly studia předmětu vylučuje opakování této kontroly, zápočet se tedy opakovat nedá.

Literature - Czech
Last update: T_KEVF (09.05.2005)

Chen F. F.: Úvod do fyziky plazmatu, Academia, Praha 1984.

Kivelson M. G., Russell C. T.: Introduction to Space Physics, Cambridge, University Press, 1995.

Goldston R. J., Rutherford P. H.: Introduction to Plasma Physics, IOP Publishing, Ltd. 1995.

Requirements to the exam - Czech
Last update: prof. RNDr. František Němec, Ph.D. (06.10.2017)

Zkouška je ústní. Požadavky na její úspěšné složení odpovídají sylabu předmětu v rozsahu, který byl prezentován na přednášce.

Syllabus -
Last update: doc. RNDr. Jiří Pavlů, Ph.D. (24.01.2019)
1. Introduction to space physics
Definition space plasma, parameters and differences between laboratory and space plasmas. Maxwellian distribution function of velocities, drifting Maxwellian distribution, calculation of moments. Collective behavior, Debye shielding.

2. Dusty plasma
Determination of dusty plasma and dusty in the plasma. Dusty plasma applications in the space and in laboratory experiments - examples and impact.

3. Motions of charged particles in E and B time-varying electromagnetic fields
Gyration around the guilding center, ExB drift, grad B drift mechanism, curvature drift, drift in field of a general force. Magnetic moment and its conservation, magnetic mirrors. Fermi acceleration. Applications on magnetospheric processes (ring current and radiation belts).

4. Fundamental equations of magnetohydrodynamics
Freezing of magnetic field, magnetic field diffusion, consequences and limitations of MHD approximation, magnetic reconnection. Wave processes in a plasma - Alfvén, and magnetosonic waves, non-linear effects.

5. Sun as a source of space plasma
Processes inside the Sun, solar corona formation, solar magnetic field, solar activity cycles.

6. Solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF)
History of solar wind discovery, Parker theory of the solar wind. Solar wind parameters and their variations, form of IMF structure. Significant instabilities in the solar wind (MC, CME, CIR, HFA), interplanetary shocks.

7. Solar wind interaction with obstacles
Formation of the Earth's magnetosphere, magnetospheric boundaries and regions (magnetopause, etc.). Bow shock creation, bow shock processes, foreshock, magnetosheath (observations, simulations, and theories).

8. Used coordinate systems
Definition of different coordinate systems (GSE, GSM, SM) and their transformation, geographic and geomagnetic coordinates, local time.

9. Formation of the magnetosphere
Magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause for different orientation of IMF, influence of reconnection on magnetopause shape and position. Magnetospheric regions (cusp, low-latitude boundary layer, plasma mantle, plasma sheet, plasma sheet boundary layer, lobes, plasmasphere). Magnetic field models, mapping of magnetospheric regions to auroral regions.

10. Magnetospheric dynamics
Geomagnetic indices (Dst, Kp, AE). Initiation and evolution of geomagnetic storms and substorms. Auroral precipitation (discrete and diffuse aurorae), magnetospheric configuration changes as a result of IM orientation.

 
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