Aspects of Analogue gravity
| Thesis title in Czech: | Aspekty Analogové gravitace |
|---|---|
| Thesis title in English: | Aspects of Analogue gravity |
| Key words: | Kvantová teorie pole|Klasická a kvantová gravitace v nižších dimenzích|Analogová gravitace|Fyzika černých děr|Diracovské materiály |
| English key words: | Quantum Field Theory|Classical and Quantum Gravity in lower dimensions|Analogue Gravity|Black Hole physics|Dirac materials |
| Academic year of topic announcement: | 2021/2022 |
| Thesis type: | dissertation |
| Thesis language: | angličtina |
| Department: | Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics (32-UCJF) |
| Supervisor: | prof. Alfredo Iorio, Ph.D. |
| Author: | hidden - assigned and confirmed by the Study Dept. |
| Date of registration: | 14.09.2021 |
| Date of assignment: | 14.09.2021 |
| Confirmed by Study dept. on: | 14.09.2021 |
| Advisors: | prof. RNDr. Jiří Hořejší, DrSc. |
| Guidelines |
| The candidate will get acquainted with this interdisciplinary subject, by focussing in parallel: a) on the textbooks and research papers on quantum field theory in curved space [15], quantum gravity [16], specifically in three dimensions [17,18], and condensed matter [19], especially graphene [20], and b) on the research work for the realization of a BTZ black hole [21] or related graphene-motivated wormhole structure [22]. By this approach the necessary expertise on the subject can be gained, along with the problem solving attitude, essential for independent research. The necessary advanced mathematical knowledge will be gained following a problem-solving-oriented strategy, typical for the professional
research: when a new mathematical tool will be necessary, from group theory to differential geometry, etc., see e.g. [23] and [24], the candidate will familiarize themselves with that topic and will enrich their expertise. The leitmotif of the realization, both theoretical and practical, of the BTZ black hole will play the multiple role, first, as an important problem to solve per se, then, as a case study that furnishes useful tools for other related studies, and finally, as a 'building block' for more general scenarios, e.g. the mentioned wormhole in AdS/CFT. Interactions with computational scientists and experimentalists will also be encouraged. |
| References |
| Seznam odborné literatury:
[1] Feynman, R.; Leighton, R.; Sands, M. The Feynman Lectures on Physics; Addison-Wesley World Student Series; Addison-Wesley: Boston, MA, USA, 1963; Volume 2. [2] Iorio, A. Two arguments for more fundamental building blocks. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1275 (2019) 012013. [3] Feynman, R. Simulating physics with computers. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 21 (1982) 467-488. [4] Barceló, C.; Liberati, S.; Visser, M. Analogue Gravity. Living Rev. Relativ. 8 (2005) 12. [5] Unruh, W.G. Experimental Black-Hole Evaporation? Phys. Rev. Lett. 46 (1981) 1351–1353. [6] Unruh, W.G. Notes on black-hole evaporation. Phys. Rev. D 14 (1976) 870–892. [7] Hawking, S.W. Particle creation by black holes. Commun. Math. Phys. 43 (1975) 199–220. [8] Natsuume, M. AdS/CFT duality user guide; Lecture Notes in Physics 903 (2016) [arXiv:1409.3575]. [9] Muñoz de Nova, J.R.; Golubkov, K.; Kolobov, V.I.; Steinhauer, J. Observation of thermal Hawking radiation and its temperature in an analogue black hole. Nature 569 (2019) 688–691. [10] Gooth, J.; et al. Experimental signatures of mixed axial-gravitational anomaly in the Weyl semimetal NbP. Nature 547 (2017) 324. [11] Novoselov, K.S.; Geim, A.K.; et al. Science 306, 666 (2004); A. K. Geim, A.K., Science 324, 1530 (2009). [12] Iorio, A. Using Weyl symmetry to make graphene a real lab for fundamental physics. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 127 (2102) 156; Iorio, A. Weyl-gauge symmetry of graphene. Ann. Phys. 326 (2011) 1334–1353. [13] Iorio, A.; Lambiase, G. The Hawking–Unruh phenomenon on graphene. Phys. Lett. B 716 (2012) 334–337; Iorio, A.; Lambiase, G. Quantum field theory in curved graphene spacetimes, Lobachevsky geometry, Weyl symmetry, Hawking effect, and all that. Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 025006. [14] Acquaviva, G.; Iorio, A.; Pais P.; Smaldone L. Hunting quantum gravity with analogs: the case of graphene. Universe 8 (2022) 482. [15] Birrell, N.D.; Davies, P.C.W. Quantum Fields in Curved Space, Cambridge University Press (1982); R.W. Wald, Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetimes and Black Hole Thermodynamics, The University of Chicago Press (1994); Fulling, S.A.; Ruijsenaars, S.N.M., Phys. Rep. 152 (1987) 135. [16] Carlip, S. Quantum Gravity: a Progress Report, Reports on Prog. Phys. 64 (2001) 885-942. [17] S. Deser, R. Jackiw, S. Templeton, Ann. Physics 140 (1982) 372; Ann. Phys. 281 (2000) 409; S. Deser, R. Jackiw, S. Templeton, Phys. Rev. Lett. 48 (1982) 975; J.H. Horne, E. Witten, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62 (1989) 501; G. Guralnik, A. Iorio, R. Jackiw, S.Y. Pi, Ann. Physics 308 (2003) 222; E. Witten, Nuclear Phys. B311 (1988) 46. [18] Hassaine, M.; Zanelli, J. Chern-Simons (Super Gravity), World Scientific (2016); Carlip, S. Quantum Gravity in 2+1 Dimensions, Cambridge University Press (1993). [19] Altland, A.; Simons, B.D. Condensed matter field theory, 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press (2010) [20] Castro Neto, A.H.; Guinea, F.; Peres, N.M.R.; Novoselov, K.S.; Geim, A.K., Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 109 (2009). [21] Bañados, M.; Teitelboim, S., Zanelli, J., Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1849 (1992); Bañados, M.; Henneaux, M.; Teitelboim, C.; Zanelli, J., Phys. Rev. D 48, 1506 (1993). [22] Jafferis, D.; et al. Traversable wormhole dynamics on a quantum processor, Nature 612 (2022) 51-55. [23] O'Raifeartaigh, L. Group structure of gauge theories, Cambridge University Press (1986); Sternberg, S. Group Theory and Physics, Cambridge University Press (1995). [24] C. Nash, S. Sen, Topology for physicists, Academic Press,1988; M. Nakahara, Geometry, Topology and Physics, IOP Publisher (1990). |
| Preliminary scope of work |
| One of Richard Feynman's most visionary and long lasting contribution to physics can be found in the lecture "Electrostatic Analogs", available in [1], see [2] for comments and discussions, and in [3], the paper that ignited the current vibrant research program of quantum computation. That work opens up the possibility of getting information about a target system by studying some other primary system. When the target system is a gravitational system, this discipline is named "Analog Gravity" (see [4]). The pivotal contribution to this idea was made by Bill Unruh in his paper [5], where he proposed searching for evidence of Unruh [6] and Hawking [7] effects in systems using fluid-dynamical analogy. The latter line of research is particularly important to probe the otherwise elusive physics of quantum gravity, which is largely only a theoretical enterprise.
Due to our deeper theoretical understanding of these phenomena, e.g. AdS/CFT correspondence (see [8]), and due to the higher experimental control of condensed matter systems, it is now becoming increasingly popular to reproduce various aspects of fundamental physics in analog systems. Examples include the Hawking phenomenon in Bose–Einstein condensates [9], gravitational and axial anomalies in Weyl semimetals [10] and more [4]. Our research group at ÚČJF MFF, a decade ago, proposed to use graphene [11] as a highly versatile analog gravity system where, e.g., Weyl symmetry [12], the Hawking/Unruh phenomenon [13], and many other high energy phenomena (see the review [14]) can find realization. In this PhD work the candidate will contribute towards the advancement of this line of research, mainly through theoretical investigations but also, whether possible, through interactions with numerical simulations and experiments. |
| Preliminary scope of work in English |
| One of Richard Feynman's most visionary and long lasting contribution to physics can be found in the lecture "Electrostatic Analogs", available in [1], see [2] for comments and discussions, and in [3], the paper that ignited the current vibrant research program of quantum computation. That work opens up the possibility of getting information about a target system by studying some other primary system. When the target system is a gravitational system, this discipline is named "Analog Gravity" (see [4]). The pivotal contribution to this idea was made by Bill Unruh in his paper [5], where he proposed searching for evidence of Unruh [6] and Hawking [7] effects in systems using fluid-dynamical analogy. The latter line of research is particularly important to probe the otherwise elusive physics of quantum gravity, which is largely only a theoretical enterprise.
Due to our deeper theoretical understanding of these phenomena, e.g. AdS/CFT correspondence (see [8]), and due to the higher experimental control of condensed matter systems, it is now becoming increasingly popular to reproduce various aspects of fundamental physics in analog systems. Examples include the Hawking phenomenon in Bose–Einstein condensates [9], gravitational and axial anomalies in Weyl semimetals [10] and more [4]. Our research group at ÚČJF MFF, a decade ago, proposed to use graphene [11] as a highly versatile analog gravity system where, e.g., Weyl symmetry [12], the Hawking/Unruh phenomenon [13], and many other high energy phenomena (see the review [14]) can find realization. In this PhD work the candidate will contribute towards the advancement of this line of research, mainly through theoretical investigations but also, whether possible, through interactions with numerical simulations and experiments. |